Table 5.
Complications categorized into 8 main groups (soft tissue, joint, vascular, bone, neurological, infection, device-related, others) and 33 subgroups
Severity grade and origin of complications |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | I | II | IIIA | IIIB | Sum |
Soft tissue | |||||
Skin | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
Muscles | 0 | ||||
Tendons | 0 | ||||
Pain | 5 | 5 | |||
Others | 2 | 1 | 2 (CS) | 5 | |
Sum of soft tissue | 13 | ||||
Soft tissue complications in % of segments | 1 | ||||
Joint | |||||
Pain | 1 | 1 | |||
Contracture | 19 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 53 |
Subluxation | 6 | 6 | |||
Dislocation | 1 | 1 | |||
Others | 0 | ||||
Sum of joint | 61 | ||||
Joint complications % of segment: | 6 | ||||
Vascular | |||||
Vascular damage | 1 | 1 | |||
Deep vein thrombosis | 4 | 4 | |||
Hemorrhage/hematoma | 2 | 2 | |||
Others | 2 | 1 (AV) | 3 | ||
Sum of vascular | 10 | ||||
Vascular complications in % of segments: | 1 | ||||
Bone | |||||
Premature consolidation | 15 | 4 | 19 | ||
Delayed healing | 16 | 27 | 2 | 1 | 46 |
Secondary malalignment | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Fracture | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |
Others | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
Sum of bone | 78 | ||||
Bone complications in % of segments: | 8 | ||||
Neurology | |||||
Paresthesia | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
Paralysis | 0 | ||||
Others | 3 | 3 | |||
Sum of neurology | 8 | ||||
Neurology complication in % of segments: | 0.8 | ||||
Infection | |||||
Superficial soft tissue | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
Deep soft tissue | 1 | 1 | |||
Osteomyelitis | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||
Others | 0 | ||||
Sum of infection | 8 | ||||
Infection complications in % of segments: | 0.8 | ||||
Device-related | |||||
Distraction mechanism | 16 | 20 | 9 | 45 | |
Mechanical strength | 25 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 44 |
Attachment failure | 8 | 24 | 1 | 33 | |
Others | 0 | ||||
Sum of device-related | 122 | ||||
Device-related complications in % of segments: | 12 | ||||
Others | |||||
Patient | 6 | 6 | |||
Surgical | 3 | 7 | 1 | 11 | |
Others | 1 | 1 | |||
Sum of others | 18 | ||||
Others, complications in % of segments | 1.8 |
CS: compartment syndrome;
AV: arteriovenous fistula of the posterior tibial artery decompensated during tibial lengthening and an embolization procedure had to be performed. 14 complications could not be categorized due to missing descriptions.