Table 2.
Overview of included prediction models.
| Prediction model | Original population | Items | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| RISE UP [6] | Older patients (>65 years) | Age, HR, MAP, RR, O2 saturation, GCS, BUN, bilirubin, albumin, LDH | Mortality (30 days) |
| 4C mortality score [27] | Patients with COVID-19 | Age, sex, comorbidity, RR, GCS, O2 saturation, BUN, CRP | Mortality (in hospital) |
| CURB-65 [7] | Patients with pneumonia | Age, confusion, BUN, RR, blood pressure | Mortality (30 days) |
| MEWS [10] | Patients in the ED | HR, blood pressure, O2 saturation, RR, temperature, AVPU | Mortality and ICU admissiona |
| REMS [18] | Patients in the ED | Age, MAP, HR, RR, GCS, O2 saturation | Mortalitya |
| abbMEDS [9] | Sepsis patients | Age, comorbidity, confusion, septic shock, thrombocytes, pneumonia, respiratory symptoms, confusion, nursing home | Mortality (28 days) |
| SOFA [16] | ICU patients | pO2/FiO2 ratio, GCS, MAP, thrombocytes, bilirubin, creatinine | Mortalitya |
| APACHE II [17] | ICU patients | Age, HR, RR, MAP, GCS, temperature, haematocrit, pH, pO2, leucocytes, sodium, potassium, creatinine, comorbidity | Mortalitya |
| CALL score [28] | Patients with COVID-19 | Age, comorbidity, lymphocytes, LDH | Progression to severe diseasea,b |
| ACP index [29] | Patients with COVID-19 | Age, CRP | Mortality (12 days) |
| Host risk factor score [30] | Patients with COVID-19 | Age, sex, hypertension | Progression to severe diseasea,b |
4C: Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium; abbMEDS: abbreviated Mortality Emergency Department Sepsis; ACP: Age C-reactive Protein; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; AVPU: Alert Verbal Pain Unresponsive; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CALL: Comorbidity Age Lymphocyte LDH; CRP: C-reactive protein; CURB-65: Confusion Urea Respiration Blood pressure; ED: emergency department; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; HR, heart rate; ICU: intensive care unit; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MAP: mean arterial pressure; MEWS: Modified Early Warning Score; REMS: Rapid Emergency Medicine Score; RISE UP: Risk Stratification in the Emergency Department in Acutely Ill Older Patients; RR: respiratory rate; SOFA: Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment.
Timespan not specified in the original article.
Progression to severe disease was not specified in the original article.