Table 2.
Correlation between factors (demographic, knowledge, socio-cognitive) and hand hygiene behaviour
| Factor | N | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) a | Correlation Hand Hygiene Behaviour | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spearman’s rs (2-tailed)[95% BCa CI]b | p | ||||
| Hand hygiene behaviour score | 293 | 1.78 (0.69) | 1.75 (1) | – | – |
| Age | 293 | 22.58 (5.80) | 22 (5) | 0.01 [− 0.11, 0.12] | 0.857 |
| Gender (F/M) | 289 | N/A | N/A | −0.23 [− 0.33, − 0.12] | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity (Minorities/White) | 293 | N/A | N/A | −0.08 [− 0.20, 0.04] | 0.152 |
| Student home/Intl status | 289 | N/A | N/A | −0.07 [− 0.18, 0.043] | 0.222 |
| Health course | 290 | N/A | N/A | 0.04 [−0.08, 0.16] | 0.480 |
| Exposure | 291 | N/A | N/A | 0.11 [−0.004, 0.23] | 0.064 |
| Disease knowledge | 287 | 2.52 (0.75) | 3.00 (1.0) | 0.10 [−0.02, 0.22] | 0.086 |
| Risk perception | 293 | 4.31 (1.55) | 4.33 (2.16) | 0.20 [0.10, 0.29] | 0.001 |
| Self-efficacy – infection avoidance | 293 | 6.12 (1.87) | 6.0 (2.0) | −0.08 [−0.20, 0.04] | 0.158 |
| Hand hygiene effectiveness knowledge | 290 | 7.53 (0.70) | 8.0 (1.0) | −0.07 [0.019, 0.07] | 0.239 |
| Advantages | 293 | 4.16 (0.54) | 4.25 (0.5) | 0.29 [0.19, 0.39] | < 0.001 |
| Disadvantages (reversed) | 292 | 4.06 (0.77) | 3.67 (1.33) | 0.19 [0.06, 0.31] | 0.001 |
| Attitudes | 292 | 2.22 (1.02) | 2.33 (2.0) | 0.26 [0.15, 0.37] | < 0.001 |
| Time factor | 293 | 4.24 (0.68) | 4.0 (1.0) | 0.49 [0.40, 0.58] | < 0.001 |
| Habit | 290 | 3.74 (0.85) | 4.0 (1.0) | 0.58 [0.50, 0.66] | < 0.001 |
| Self-efficacy – Hand hygiene | 293 | 4.47 (0.58) | 4.67 (1.0) | 0.38 [0.27, 0.48] | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: N/A not applicable, BCa CI Bias corrected accelerated confidence intervals, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range Bold: significance p < 0.05
a Median (IQR) reported as based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality, variables were not normally distributed
b 95% BCa CI from 1000 bootstrap samples