Table 5.

Multiple linear regression for demographic, predisposing, pre-motivational, motivational factors predicting hand hygiene behaviour

	Model 1: Sociodemographic		Model 2: Socio-demographic, predisposing, and pre-motivational		Model 3: Socio-demographic, predisposing, pre-motivational and motivational
	Standardized Coefficients	p	Standardized Coefficients	p	Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	p a
	Beta		Beta		B (SE)	Beta (95% BCa CI) a
(Constant)		< 0.001		0.954	−0.1 (0.52)
Socio-demographic
Gender (Female/Male)	−0.23	< 0.001	−0.09	0.055	−0.13 (0.07)	− 0.09 (− 0.2, 0.01)	0.068
Age	0.02	0.801	−0.04	0.430	−0.004 (0.01)	−0.04 (− 0.15, 0.07)	0.474
Student Status (UK/International)	−0.09	0.143	−0.01	0.803	−0.01 (0.1)	− 0.01 (− 0.1, 0.08)	0.880
Health Course	− 0.01	0.824	0.00	0.987	−0.005 (0.08)	0 (−0.1, 0.1)	0.944
Ethnicity (Minorities/White)	−0.17	0.007	−0.13	0.009	−0.22 (0.08)	−0.13 (− 0.24, − 0.02)	0.014
Infection exposure	0.08	0.191	0.01	0.818	0.01 (0.07)	0.01 (−0.1, 0.12)	0.896
Predisposing factors
Habit			0.40	< 0.001	0.31 (0.05)	0.39 (0.26, 0.51)	0.001
Time factors			0.28	< 0.001	0.28 (0.07)	0.28 (0.14, 0.42)	0.001
Pre-motivational factors
Disease knowledge			0.00	0.941	0.004 (0.04)	0 (−0.09, 0.11)	0.930
Hand hygiene effectiveness knowledge			−0.07	0.146	−0.06 (0.05)	− 0.07 (− 0.16, 0.03)	0.133
Risk perception			0.14	0.003	0.06 (0.02)	0.13 (0.02, 0.24)	0.016
Motivational factors
Self-efficacy- infection avoidance					−0.01 (0.02)	−0.02 (− 0.13, 0.08)	0.722
Attitude					−0.02 (0.04)	− 0.04 (− 0.16, 0.11)	0.562
Self-efficacy - hand hygiene					0.04 (0.07)	0.03 (−0.09, 0.14)	0.633

Abbreviations: BCa CI Bias corrected accelerated confidence intervals, SE standard error. Bold: significance p < 0.05

^a Model 3 was calculated using 1000 bootstrap samples for robustness, for 95% BCa CI and p values

Model 1: R² = 0.082, adjusted R² = 0.061; Model 2: R² = 0.452, adjusted R² = 0.429, △ R² p < 0.001; Model 3: R² = 0.453, adjusted R² = 0.423, △ R² p = 0.866