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. 2021 Feb 16;13(4):821. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040821

Figure 2.

Figure 2

CD4+ and CD8+ T cell identity and functions are regulated by a palette of cytokines. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells interact within the tumor microenvironment and secrete different sets of cytokines, which control several and distinct immune responses, represented by different colors in the diagram. Cytokines secreted by each T cell type are as follows: IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, and TNF-β by TH1, IL-4 and IL-10 by Th2, IL-9 by TH9, IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 by Th17, IFN-γ and TNF-α by TC1, IL-4 and IL-12 byTC2, IL-9 by TC9, and IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-21, and IL-22 by TC17. Arrow thickness and size represent the magnitude of influence that a specific subset of cytokines have on the tumor microenvironment immune responses. CD8+ T cell functions are regulated by CD4+ T cells and the cross talk between the two cell types is critical for establishing an effective anti-tumor immunity and microenvironment. Figure created with BioRender.com.