Figure 5.

(A) Pioneer work on ePADs with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for multianalyte enzymatic detection of glucose, uric acid, and lactate. Reprinted with permission from [37]. Copyright (2009) American Chemical Society. (B) Picture of the paper-based electrochemical device developed by de Oliveira et al. with two electrochemical cells, with 4 working (WE) each and sharing reference (RE) and counter (CE). Reprinted from [65], Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. (C) Integration of microfluidic and electronics, exemplified in an origami-based electroanalytical cell and visual explanation of the concept of electrofluidics. Reprinted with permission from [66], Copyright (2016) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co.