Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, serum biochemical parameters, hematological laboratory values, CSF cellular components, herpes PCR results, and culture of CSF in different patients
| Variable | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Normal value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information and clinical symptoms | |||||
| Age (years) | 56 | 24 | 65 | 71 | - |
| Gender | Female | Male | Female | Male | - |
| Neurologic complaint | Altered mental status-seizure | Altered mental status-seizure | Loss of consciousness and seizure | Loss of consciousness and seizure | - |
| Primary presentation | Myalgia-mild headaches | Myalgia | Malaise-flu-like syndrome | Malaise, cough and fever | - |
| Time from onset of the disease to neurologic presentation | 7 days | 3 days | 3 days | 10 days | - |
| Fever on admission | Yes | No | Yes | No | - |
| Outcome | ICU admission | Good | Good | Good | - |
| Nasopharynx for COVID-19 PCR | Positive | Negative | Positive | Positive | - |
| CSF for COVID-19 PCR | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | - |
| Serum biochemical analysis | |||||
| Blood sugar (mg/dl) | 101 | 107 | 119 | 193 | < 200 |
| Urea (mg/dl) | 25 | 52 | 52 | 45 | 18–55 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.7 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.4 |
| Sodium (mg/dl) | 132 | 142 | 140 | 137 | 135–145 |
| Potassium (mg/dl) | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 3.5–5.3 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 9.0 | 9.2 | - | 9.8 | 8.6–10.3 |
| Magnesium (mg/dl) | 2.1 | 2.5 | - | 2.1 | 1.2–2.6 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | - | 31 | 44 | - | 5–40 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | - | 43 | 24 | - | 5–40 |
| Hematological laboratory values | |||||
| White blood cell ( 103 mcl) | 11.9 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 4–10 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.3 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13–17 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.5 | 41.3 | 43.1 | 42.2 | 40–50 |
| Red blood cell ( 106 mcl) | 4.77 | 4.02 | 5.09 | 5.04 | 4.5–5.5 |
| Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (%) | 88.4 | 67 | 70.8 | 80 | 30–70 |
| Lymphocyte (%) | 8 | 26.8 | 16.3 | 15 | 20–50 |
| ESR mm | 34 | 27 | 44 | 34 | < 15 |
| Platelet ( 103 mcl) | 213 | 263 | 230 | 282 | 150–450 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 61.3 | 19.7 | 19.1 | 20.1 | < 6 |
| CSF parameters analysis | |||||
| Sugar (mg/dl) | 63 | 64 | 66 | 133 | > 2/3 concurrent BS |
| Protein (mg/l) | 130 | 85 | 124 | 64 | 15–45 |
| White blood cell (/mm3) | 70 | 10 | 90 | 0 | 0–1 |
| Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (%) | 5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Mononuclear (%) | 95 | 90 | 90 | 0 | - |
| LDH (U/l) | 197 | 42 | 57 | 82 | < 100 |
| Red blood cell (/mm3) | 70 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0–100 |
| Herpes-PCR | Positive | Negative | Negative | Negative | (Negative) |
| Bacterial culture | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | (Negative) |
BS blood sugar, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, g/dl gram/deciliter, mcl microliter, mg/dl milligram/deciliter, mm3 millimeter cubed, U/l Unites/liter