Table 2.
Univariate analysis for predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children
| Univariate analysis for acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine with ≥ 90% efficacy (likely vs. unlikely) | Accept for themselves | Accept for child/children | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant women N = 5282 | Non-pregnant mothers N = 12,562 | All mothers N = 17,054 | ||||
| Characteristics | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI |
| Age (ref: 40–65 years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 0.80 | 0.56, 1.14 | 0.66 | 0.55, 0.79 | 0.58 | 0.50, 0.66 |
| 25–29 | 0.88 | 0.63, 1.23 | 0.79 | 0.70, 0.89 | 0.71 | 0.64, 0.79 |
| 30–34 | 0.93 | 0.66, 1.30 | 0.94 | 0.85, 1.05 | 0.84 | 0.77, 0.93 |
| 35–39 | 0.92 | 0.65, 1.30 | 0.92 | 0.83, 1.03 | 0.86 | 0.78, 0.95 |
| Married (ref: unmarried) | 0.92 | 0.82, 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.01, 1.19 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.10 |
| Number of children (ref: no child) | ||||||
| One child (used as ref for non-pregnant women only) | 0.86 | 0.76, 0.97 | NA | NA | 0.91 | 0.81, 1.02 |
| Two children | 0.57 | 0.47, 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.72, 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.71, 0.90 |
| Three or more children | 0.43 | 0.33, 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.42, 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.45, 0.57 |
| Education (ref: college diploma or equivalent) | ||||||
| < High school | 0.76 | 0.58, 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.82, 1.14 | 0.88 | 0.77, 1.00 |
| High school or GED | 1.25 | 1.03, 1.53 | 0.90 | 0.80, 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.87, 1.07 |
| Some college or university | 0.93 | 0.80 1.09 | 0.85 | 0.76, 0.95 | 0.85 | 0.78, 0.93 |
| Master's, professional school, doctoral degree | 1.26 | 1.10, 1.44 | 1.62 | 1.45, 1.81 | 1.54 | 1.41, 1.68 |
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | ||||||
| Middle class to wealthy (ref: lower middle class to poor) | 0.92 | 0.82, 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.16, 1.36 | 1.14 | 1.06, 1.21 |
| Essential workers (ref: non-essential workers) | ||||||
| Physicians | 2.26 | 1.54, 3.32 | 2.37 | 1.58, 3.56 | 2.03 | 1.52, 2.72 |
| Nurses | 0.71 | 0.57, 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.69, 1.03 | 0.75 | 0.65, 0.88 |
| Other health workers | 0.78 | 0.65, 0.94 | 0.76 | 0.64, 0.90 | 0.78 | 0.69, 0.89 |
| Other essential workers (not health sector) | 0.83 | 1.07, 1.23 | 0.84 | 0.75, 0.94 | 0.85 | 0.78, 0.94 |
| Health status/insurance | ||||||
| Have health insurance (ref: no health insurance) | 0.93 | 0.81, 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.02, 1.22 | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.18 |
| At least 1 underlying condition (ref: no underlying condition) | 1.21 | 1.08, 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.29, 1.52 | 1.39 | 1.30, 1.49 |
| Tested positive for COVID-19 (no COVID-19 test/ tested negative) | 1.04 | 0.93, 1.17 | 1.26 | 1.15, 1.38 | 1.19 | 1.10, 1.28 |
| Negative experiences with COVID-19 | ||||||
| Negatively affected by COVID-19 in any way (ref: not affected) | 1.31 | 1.18, 1.47 | 1.32 | 1.22,1.43 | 1.31 | 1.23, 1.40 |
| Suffered complications/disability due to COVID-19 disease (ref: no complications/disability) | 1.97 | 0.85, 4.57 | 2.47 | 1.64, 3.74 | 2.14 | 1.51, 3.03 |
| Lost a loved one to COVID-19 (ref: no loss) | 2.82 | 2.03, 3.94 | 2.55 | 2.07, 3.13 | 2.63 | 2.20, 3.14 |
| Other non-COVID-19 related health problems (ref: no additional health problems) | 1.43 | 1.21, 1.68 | 1.37 | 1.25, 1.50 | 1.42 | 1.31, 1.54 |
| Socially affected by COVID-19/restrictions (ref: not affected) | 1.27 | 1.13, 1.42 | 1.26 | 1.17, 1.37 | 1.26 | 1.18, 1.34 |
| Financial/job loss (ref: no loss) | 1.16 | 1.02, 1.31 | 1.11 | 1.02, 1.20 | 1.11 | 1.04, 1.19 |
| Past acceptance and perceived safety/efficacy of other vaccines | ||||||
| Routine immunization for children (ref: no) | 8.04 | 6.46, 10.0 | 21.2 | 18.1, 24.9 | 19.2 | 16.7, 22.0 |
| Think childhood vaccines are safe (ref: not safe) | 30.7 | 19.8, 47.7 | 44.6 | 36.4, 54.6 | 46.8 | 38.5, 56.8 |
| Think childhood vaccines are effective in protecting against diseases (ref: not effective) | 40.1 | 22.5, 71.3 | 48.1 | 37.9, 61.0 | 52.5 | 41.5, 66.4 |
| Received flu vaccination last year or could not receive because of cost or availability (ref: did not receive for reasons other than cost or availability) | 3.29 | 2.91, 3.72 | 5.24 | 4.81, 5.71 | 4.62 | 4.31, 4.95 |
| Confidence in COVID-19 vaccine | ||||||
| Confident in safety of COVID-19 vaccine post-approval by country's health agencies (ref: not confident) | 8.42 | 7.44, 9.53 | 40.8 | 35.1, 47.5 | 27.8 | 25.0, 30.8 |
| Confident in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy post approval by country's health agencies (ref: not confident) | 6.68 | 5.90, 7.56 | 28.1 | 24.9, 35.6 | 19.7 | 18.1, 21.5 |
| Perceived risk of the virus/precautions | ||||||
| Likely to get COVID-19 (ref: unlikely) | 1.45 | 1.29, 1.62 | 2.02 | 1.86, 2.19 | 1.80 | 1.68, 1.92 |
| Likely for child to be infected with COVID-19 (ref: unlikely) | 1.65 | 1.42, 1.93 | 1.88 | 1.73, 2.03 | 1.87 | 1.74, 2.00 |
| Likely to develop severe symptoms if COVID-19 is contracted (ref: unlikely) | 2.18 | 1.95, 2.43 | 2.97 | 2.73, 3.23 | 2.91 | 2.72, 3.12 |
| Worried about COVID-19 (ref: not worried) | 5.49 | 4.80, 6.28 | 12.2 | 11.1, 13.4 | 9.99 | 9.24, 10.8 |
| Important for country to have vaccine (ref: not important) | 24.1 | 17.7, 32.7 | 46.4 | 39.4, 54.7 | 45.0 | 38.7, 52.4 |
| Important for the majority of people in their country getting vaccinated (ref: not important) | 28.7 | 21.3, 38.6 | 52.0 | 45.0, 60.2 | 53.3 | 46.4, 61.2 |
| Closely complied with mask guidelines (ref: did not comply) | 13.7 | 9.23, 20.5 | 30.5 | 23.9, 39.0 | 24.9 | 20.2, 30.6 |
| Monitoring COVID-19 news on any media once or less per day (ref: never) | 3.56 | 2.88, 4.41 | 6.27 | 5.49, 7.17 | 5.91 | 5.26, 6.63 |
| Public trust and satisfaction | ||||||
| Trust in PH agencies (ref: no trust in PH agencies) | 4.47 | 3.97, 5.03 | 13.2 | 11.9, 14.6 | 10.7 | 9.86, 11.5 |
| Satisfied with the country's political leadership on COVID-19 control (ref: dissatisfied with political leadership) | 1.08 | 0.96, 1.21 | 2.63 | 2.41, 2.89 | 2.13 | 1.98, 2.30 |
| Trust in science (ref: no trust in science) | 4.43 | 3.81, 5.15 | 7.91 | 7.21, 8.68 | 7.23 | 6.68, 7.83 |
| Increased trust in science (ref: no increased trust in science) | 3.94 | 3.50, 4.44 | 9.11 | 8.21, 10.1 | 7.42 | 6.85, 8.04 |
| Satisfied with health authorities (ref: dissatisfied with health authorities) | 1.68 | 1.50, 1.87 | 3.66 | 3.35, 4.01 | 3.06 | 2.85, 3.29 |
| Satisfied with political response (ref: dissatisfied with political response) | 1.62 | 1.44, 1.81 | 4.00 | 3.64, 4.40 | 3.32 | 3.08, 3.58 |