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. 2021 Feb 16;22(4):1944. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041944

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Potential immune targets being investigated in preclinical and early-phase trials. CAR consists of an antigen-recognizing extracellular domain and an intracellular signal domain(s). CAR-T or natural killer-targeting CD33, CLL-1, and pan-cancer antigen NKG2D have been evaluated in phase I trials. While bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and trispecific killer cell engager (TriKE) are composed of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), dual-affinity retargeting (DART) is composed of two cross-linked variable fragments. Bispecific antibodies (BiTEs and DARTs) targeting CD33 and CD123 have been tested in early-phase trials. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a CD33-directed antibody-drug conjugate, has already been used in clinical practice.