Table 2.
Incidence and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis according to the degree of proteinuria measured by dipstick.
| IBD | Proteinuria Measured by Dipstick | p for Trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Trace(±) | 1+ | ≥ 2+ | ||
| Crohn’s disease | |||||
| CD cases (n) | 1343 | 30 | 31 | 19 | |
| Person-years | 78,055,660 | 1,846,270 | 1,360,989 | 645,798 | |
| CD incidence (per 100,000 person-years) | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.9 | |
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.946 (0.659–1.358) | 1.328 (0.93–1.895) | 1.72 (1.094–2.706) | 0.095 |
| p-value | 0.593 | 0.288 | 0.034 | ||
| Model 1 † HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 0.99 (0.689–1.421) | 1.454 (1.018–2.077) | 1.949 (1.238–3.066) | 0.016 |
| p-value | 0.778 | 0.049 | 0.021 | ||
| Model 2 ‡ HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.01 (0.704–1.451) | 1.515 (1.061–2.164) | 2.056 (1.306–3.235) | 0.006 |
| p-value | 0.879 | 0.039 | 0.011 | ||
| Model 3 § HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.01 (0.703–1.451) | 1.515 (1.058–2.162) | 2.053 (1.301–3.24) | 0.007 |
| p-value | 0.871 | 0.035 | 0.013 | ||
| Ulcerative colitis | |||||
| UC cases (n) | 5634 | 143 | 85 | 41 | |
| Person-years | 78,040,796 | 1,845,890 | 1,360,805 | 645,715 | |
| UC incidence (per 100,000 person-years) | 7.2 | 7.7 | 6.2 | 6.3 | |
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.074 (0.91–1.268) | 0.868 (0.701–1.075) | 0.886 (0.652–1.204) | 0.16 |
| p-value | 0.367 | 0.115 | 0.277 | ||
| Model 1 † HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.085 (0.919–1.281) | 0.882 (0.712–1.093) | 0.897 (0.66–1.22) | 0.172 |
| p-value | 0.339 | 0.128 | 0.268 | ||
| Model 2 ‡ HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.1 (0.932–1.299) | 0.911 (0.735–1.128) | 0.938 (0.689–1.275) | 0.363 |
| p-value | 0.256 | 0.223 | 0.412 | ||
| Model 3 § HR (95% CI) | 1 (reference) | 1.12 (0.949–1.323) | 0.947 (0.764–1.174) | 1.009 (0.741–1.373) | 0.722 |
| p-value | 0.185 | 0.370 | 0.682 | ||
CD, Crohn’s disease; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; UC, ulcerative colitis. † Model 1: age and sex adjusted. ‡ Model 2: model 1 + income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, exercise level, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate adjusted. § Model 3: model 2 + diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia adjusted.