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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Genet Med. 2020 Jan 17;22(5):878–888. doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0747-z

Table 1.

Phenotypic Findings

Phenotypic Findings Affected/Total (%)
Neonatal
Polyhydramnios 19/45 (42.2)
Neonatal Feeding Issues 41/50 (82.0)
Infantile Hypotonia 50/50 (100)
Neurology
Intellectual Disability/DD 50/50 (100)
Macrocephaly-Birth 26/43 (60.4)
Macrocephaly-Current 45/49 (91.8)
Seizures/Epilepsy 12/50 (24)
Abnormal MRI 27/45 (60)
Non-Verbal (<4 years) 5/15 (33.3)*
Non-Verbal (>4 years) 7/35 (20)*
Non-Ambulatory (<3 years) 3/9 (33.3)*
Non-Ambulatory (>3 years) 2/41 (4.9)*
Wide-based Gait 41/45 (91.1)
Orthotics 25/41 (61.0)
Deafness 1/50 (2)
Behavioral
Good Eye Contact 49/50 (98)
Social Reciprocity 49/50 (98)
Not Toilet Trained (<4 years) 15/15 (100)
Not Toilet Trained (>4 years) 22/35 (62.9)
Cardiac
Bicuspid Aortic Valve 5/50 (10)
Cardiac intervention 2/50 (4)
Ophthalmologic
Strabismus 44/50 (88)
Anisocoria 7/46 (13.6)
Astigmatism 19/46 (41.3)
Hyperopia 14/46 (30.4)
Myopia 10/46 (21.7)
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia 4/44 (9.1)
Deafness 1/50 (2.0)
Dysmorphology
Prominent Forehead 37/37 (100)
Hypertelorism 29/37 (78.4)
Prominent/Bulbous Nasal Tip 31/37 (83.8)
Pointed Chin 34/37 (91.9)
*

specific ages of non-verbal and non-ambulatory subjects are noted in Table S4.