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. 2021 Feb 25;16:1553–1564. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S291421

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© 2021 Zhang et al.

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Tumor vaccine and tumor immunotherapy. Total tumor RNA was extracted and mixed with an immune adjuvant to formulate tumor vaccine. Tumor antigen was expressed and presented or cross-presented to Th and Tc cells by antigen presenting cells (DCs) in lymph node to generate specific anti-tumor response.

Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; BCR, B cell receptor; TCR, T-cell receptor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PRR, pattern recognition receptors; Th1/2, T helper type 1/2; CTL, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte; CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; Treg, regulatory T cell; DC, dendritic cell; NK, natural killer cell; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity; SIRPα, signal regulatory protein α; LILRB1, leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3; PD1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; IL-2, Interleukin-2; IFNγ, Interferon γ; KIR, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor; NKG2D, natural killer group 2 member D.