Table 3. Comparison of the characteristics of case-patients with infective endocarditis by specific causative pathogen, Israel, 1994–2019*.
| Characteristic | Kingella species, n = 19 | Streptococcus species, n = 25 | Staphylococcus aureus species, n = 16 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mo, mean (SD) |
16 (+ 10.29) |
106.3 (+ 70.43) |
68 (+ 75.89) |
<0.001† |
| Sex | ||||
| F | 6 (32) | 15 (60) | 10 (62) | 0.104 |
| M |
13 (68) |
10 (40) |
6 (38) |
|
| Congenital heart disease | 10 (52) | 21 (84) | 11 (69) | 0.079 |
| Known murmur | 7 (37) | 19 (76) | 10 (62.5) | 0.031‡ |
| Recent surgery | 3 (16) | 2 (8) | 6 (37) | 0.055 |
| Recent dental procedure | 0 | 5 (20) | 1 (6.2) | 0.077 |
| Community-acquired infection | 19 (100.0) | 23 (92.0) | 10 (62.5) | 0.003§ |
| Temperature, °C, median (IQR) | 40 (39.45–40) | 39 (39–39.6) | 39 (38.4–40) | 0.013† |
| Fever duration, d, median (IQR) | 7 (4.5–14) | 7 (2–21) | 5 (3–7) | 0.514 |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | 4 (21) | 15 (60) | 9 (56) | 0.025‡ |
| Oral aphthae | 5 (26) | 0 | 0 | 0.002† |
| Musculoskeletal infection | 2 (11.8) | 0 | 0 | 0.111 |
| Microhematuria | 5 (26.3) | 13 (52.0) | 10 (62.5) | 0.08 |
| Leukocyte count, K/mL, mean (SD) | 20.87 (+ 12.39) | 12.68 (+ 4.77) | 22.18 (+ 12.23) | 0.005‡ |
| Neutrophils, K/mL, mean (SD) | 12.98 (+ 8.49) | 9.34 (+ 4.30) | 17.27 (+ 11.41) | 0.012§ |
| Lymphocytes, K/mL, mean (SD) | 4.27 (+ 3.04) | 2.09 (+ 1.36) | 2.40 (+ 2.38) | 0.007† |
| NLR, mean (SD) | 4.7 (6.7) | 7.8 (10.4) | 15.2 (11.5) | 0.01‡ |
| C-reactive protein, mean (SD) | 12.56 (+ 6.79) | 10.67 (+ 10.21) | 15.23 (+ 11.33) | 0.385 |
| Reduced ventricular function | 4 (21) | 4 (16) | 7 (44) | 0.12 |
| Central nervous system involvement | 4 (21) | 5 (21) | 3 (19) | 0.983 |
| Death | 0 | 3 (12.5) | 3 (25) | 0.074 |
| Culture positivity as major Duke criteria | 7 (37) | 24 (96) | 16 (100) | <0.001† |
| Echocardiography as major Duke criteria | 16 (84) | 13 (52) | 10 (62) | 0.083 |
| Immunologic involvement as minor Duke criteria | 0 | 5 (20) | 4 (25) | 0.078 |
| Culture as minor Duke criteria | 11 (58) | 1 (4) | 0 | <0.001† |
| Vegetation | 10 (53) | 6 (24) | 8 (50) | 0.1 |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Bold indicates statistical significance (p<.05). IE, infective endocarditis; NLR, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio. †Denotes statistical significance between Kingella IE and both Streptococcus IE and Staphylococcus aureus IE. ‡Denotes statistical significance between Kingella IE and Streptococcus IE. §Denotes statistical significance between Kingella IE and Staphylococcus aureus IE.