Table 2.
Summary of risk factors for LBP in marathon runners.
| Risk factors | Non-LBP N = 764 | LBP (%) N = 36 | Total (%) N = 800 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
| Running groups | ||||
| Full marathon | 314 (41.1) | 21 (58.3) | 335 (41.9) | 0.044∗ |
| Half marathon | 450 (58.9) | 15 (41.7) | 465 (58.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Foot strike patterns | ||||
| Forefoot (main) | 396 (51.8) | 21 (58.3) | 417 (52.2) | 0.139 |
| Rear heel (main) | 268 (35.1) | 13 (36.1) | 281 (35.1) | |
| Forefoot (only) | 15 (2.0) | 1 (2.8) | 16 (2.0) | |
| Full foot | 41 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 41 (5.1) | |
| Not clear | 44 (5.7) | 1 (2.8) | 45 (5.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Warm-up activities | ||||
| Enough | 648 (84.8) | 21 (58.3) | 669 (83.6) | <0.001∗ |
| Not enough | 116 (15.2) | 15 (41.7) | 131 (16.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Strength | ||||
| Enough | 636 (83.2) | 23 (63.9) | 659 (82.4) | 0.004∗ |
| Not enough | 128 (16.8) | 13 (36.1) | 141 (17.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Fatigue | ||||
| Yes | 123 (16.1) | 15 (41.7) | 138 (17.3) | <0.001∗ |
| No | 641 (83.9) | 21 (58.3) | 662 (82.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Shoe types | ||||
| Slow shaking | 365 (47.8) | 17 (47.2) | 382 (47.8) | 0.664 |
| Controlling | 64 (8.4) | 4 (11.1) | 68 (8.5) | |
| Stabilising | 217 (28.4) | 12 (33.3) | 229 (28.6) | |
| Sprinting | 24 (3.1) | 1 (2.8) | 25 (3.1) | |
| Not clear | 94 (12.3) | 2 (5.6) | 96 (12.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Running gait posture | ||||
| Good | 669 (87.6) | 25 (69.4) | 694 (86.7) | 0.003∗ |
| Bad | 95 (12.4) | 11 (30.6) | 106 (13.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Previous injuries | ||||
| Yes | 49 (6.4) | 3 (8.3) | 52 (6.5) | 0.649 |
| No | 715 (93.6) | 33 (91.7) | 748 (93.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Temperature | ||||
| Comfortable | 758 (99.2) | 33 (91.7) | 791 (98.9) | 0.001∗ |
| Uncomfortable | 6 (0.8) | 3 (8.3) | 9 (1.1) | |
|
| ||||
| Site environment | ||||
| Adapted | 748 (97.9) | 34 (94.4) | 782 (97.7) | 0.189 |
| Unadapted | 16 (2.1) | 2 (5.6) | 18 (2.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Psychology | ||||
| Affected | 7 (0.9) | 1 (2.8) | 8 (1.0) | 0.298 |
| Unaffected | 757 (99.1) | 35 (97.2) | 792 (99.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Other aspects | ||||
| Yes | 30 (3.9) | 1 (2.8) | 31 (3.8) | 0.728 |
| No | 734 (96.1) | 35 (97.2) | 769 (96.2) | |
Non-LBP: non-low back pain; LBP: low back pain. ∗p < 0.05.