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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2020 Oct 20;236(5):3366–3382. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30109

Table 3:

Cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pathological manifestation Features References
Acute myocardial injury Elevated Troponin I and NT-proBNP levels (Wang et al., 2020)
Cardiac Arrhythmia Sinus tachycardia, malignant and atrial arrhythmia, Hypokalemia (Goyal et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2020; D. Wang et al., 2020)
Viral cardiomyopathy Cytokine storm, fulminant myocarditis (Hu et al., 2020; Hua et al., 2020)
Myocardial infarction Myocardial ischemia, imbalance between oxygen demand and supply, hypotension, ST-segment elevation (Bangalore et al., 2020; Inciardi et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020)
Cardiogenic shock Cardiorespiratory arrest, ST-segment elevation, dysrhythmias (Sánchez-Recalde et al., 2020; Tavazzi et al., 2020)
Vascular complications Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), coagulopathy, elevated D-dimer (Klok et al., 2020; Lodigiani et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020a)