. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2020 Oct 20;236(5):3366–3382. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30109

Table 5:

Exosome inhibitors that are investigated for therapy in different diseases

Pharmacological inhibitors	Target/mechanism of action	Effects
Calpeptin	Calpains/ Inhibition of MVs/EVs release	Increased anti-cancer drug susceptibility in cancer cell lines
Manumycin A	RAS GTPase/ Inhibition of EVs release	Anti-cancer activity, Increased wound healing
Y27632	ROCK1 and ROCK2/ Inhibition of production and release of MVs	Endothelial cell dysfunction
Pantethine	Cholesterol synthesis/ inhibition of MVs formation and shedding	Anti-cancer effects, anti-sclerosis, decreased severity of cerebral malaria
Imipramine	Acid sphingomyelinase/ Inhibition of MVs and EVs generation	Inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone loss, increased efficiency of cancer chemotherapy
GW4869	Membrane neutral sphingomyelinase/ Inhibition of EVs production and release	Inhibited hypertrophic effect of cardiac fibroblasts, reduced drug-resistance in cancer cells, immune regulation
U0126	MEK 1 and MEK 2/ Inhibition of MVs generation	Inhibits coagulant activity of monocytes and macrophages
NSC23766	Rac1 GTPase/ Inhibition of MVs generation and release	Reduced MVs release from platelets in pre-clinical model of sepsis
Dimethyl amiloride (DMA)	Na⁺/Ca²⁺ channels/ Inhibition of EVs release	Increased efficiency of anti-tumor drugs
Sulfisoxazole	RABs and ESCRT pathway/ Inhibition of MVs release	Anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity