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. 2021 Mar 1;11:4876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84483-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunohistological staining of the bioprinted human jawbone models. Cryosections were stained for osteoblast (RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), collagen I, osteocalcin, ALPL (alkaline phosphatase)) and endothelial cell markers (CD31), in cell-laden constructs containing JHOBs and optionally also HUVECs after 28 days of cultivation in growth and osteogenic medium. Channels are marked with white dashed lines (CD31 staining), and the surface of the constructs is marked with white dotted lines.