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. 2021 Mar 1;11:4830. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84364-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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An apathy-impulsivity axis can be uncovered with the AMI and BIS-11. (a) The correlation matrix of the sub-scale scores of the AMI and BIS-11 questionnaires showed positive and negative associations (Dataset 5, $n = 394$ ). Significant correlations are shown in bold (Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold: $p < 0.003$ ). The black square highlights cross-questionnaire associations. (b) Factor decomposition (EFA) of this matrix yielded 3 un-correlated factors (Apathy-Impulsivity overlap, Emotional apathy, Apathy-Impulsivity axis). (c) The network plot is shown for visualisation purposes. More highly correlated (positively or negatively) appear closer together and are joined by stronger paths (non-significant paths removed). Paths are also coloured by their sign (red for positive and blue negative). Ellipses are drawn around the sub-scores included in a factor. See also Fig. S3 for replication in an independent dataset.