Table 2.
Main complications during viral infections in patients with diabetes.
| Pathogen | Emerging disease | Main complications in patients with diabetes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS | |||
| Influenza virus | Pneumonia | Risk of admission to the intensive care unit, fatal outcome after infection, increasing influenza severity, and secondary bacterial infections | (130, 135, 136) |
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) virus | COVID-19 | Inflammatory storm in atherosclerotic plaques, increased viral secondary infection to lung, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, acute cardiac injury and heat failure, and increased risk for patient mortality | (137, 138) |
| LIVER INFECTIONS | |||
| Hepatitis B virusa | Hepatitis B | Elevated serum triglyceride level, blood glucose abnormalities steatosis and cirrhosis | (22, 139) |
| Hepatitis C virus | Hepatitis C | Reduced rate of sustained virological response, progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and higher risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma | (22, 140, 141) |
| OTHER INFECTIONS | |||
| Human immunodeficiency virus |
HIV/AIDS | Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and acute myocardial infarction | (142, 143) |