Table 1. Baseline characteristics according to diagnosis of AMI and, ER visit time.
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 89) | Diagnosis of AMI | ER visit time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-AMI patients (n = 24) | AMI patients (n = 65) | P value | 0–4 hr (n = 49) | 4–24 hr (n = 40) | P value | ||||
| Age, yr | 62.3 ± 12.2 | 65.8 ± 12.3 | 61.0 ± 12.0 | 0.095 | 61.8 ± 12.4 | 62.8 ± 12.2 | 0.714 | ||
| Sex, male | 63 (70.8) | 14 (58.3) | 49 (75.4) | 0.117 | 34 (69.4) | 29 (72.5) | 0.748 | ||
| Chest pain onset | |||||||||
| 0–4, hr | 49 (55.1) | 11 (45.8) | 38 (58.5) | 0.288 | - | - | - | ||
| Grace score | 105.4 ± 30.9 | 104.8 ± 32.6 | 105.7 ± 30.6 | 0.907 | 107.4 ± 33.4 | 103.0 ± 27.8 | 0.507 | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.941 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.143 | ||
| Renal impairment | 11 (12.4) | 4 (16.7) | 7 (10.8) | 0.478 | 6 (12.2) | 5 (12.5) | 1.000 | ||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.4 ± 1.8 | 13.8 ± 1.9 | 14.6 ± 1.7 | 0.083 | 14.5 ± 1.7 | 14.3 ± 2.0 | 0.956 | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 172.7 ± 40.9 | 157.5 ± 38.4 | 178.4 ± 40.6 | 0.031 | 180.1 ± 40.9 | 163.4 ± 39.1 | 0.057 | ||
| Risk factor | |||||||||
| HTN | 43 (48.3) | 11 (45.8) | 32 (49.2) | 0.775 | 27 (55.1) | 16 (40.0) | 0.156 | ||
| DM | 20 (22.5) | 5 (20.8) | 15 (23.1) | 0.822 | 12 (24.5) | 8 (20.0) | 0.614 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 25 (28.1) | 8 (33.3) | 17 (26.2) | 0.504 | 17 (34.7) | 8 (20.0) | 0.125 | ||
| Smoking | 0.056 | 0.590 | |||||||
| Current smoker | 34 (38.2) | 5 (20.8) | 29 (44.6) | 20 (40.8) | 14 (35.0) | ||||
| Ex-smoker | 14 (15.7) | 3 (12.5) | 11 (16.9) | 6 (12.2) | 8 (20.0) | ||||
| Never-smoker | 41 (46.1) | 16 (66.7) | 25 (38.5) | 23 (46.9) | 18 (45) | ||||
| Family history of CAD | 19 (21.3) | 4 (16.7) | 15 (23.1) | 0.513 | 13 (26.5) | 6 (15) | 0.187 | ||
| Past history | |||||||||
| Previous PCI | 14 (15.7) | 9 (37.5) | 5 (7.7) | 0.002 | 7 (14.3) | 7 (17.5) | 0.679 | ||
| Previous CABG | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1.000 | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | ||
| Previous PAD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | ||
| Electrocardiogram | |||||||||
| ST-segment elevation | 40 (44.9) | 4 (16.7) | 36 (55.4) | 0.001 | 24 (49.0) | 16 (40.0) | 0.397 | ||
| ST-segment depression | 8 (9) | 0 (0) | 8 (12.3) | 0.102 | 4 (8.2) | 4 (10.0) | 1.000 | ||
| T-wave inversion | 10 (11.2) | 1 (4.2) | 9 (13.8) | 0.276 | 3 (6.1) | 7 (17.5) | 0.106 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (4.5) | 4 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0.004 | 3 (6.1) | 1 (2.5) | 0.624 | ||
| RBBB | 4 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (6.2) | 0.571 | 2 (4.1) | 2 (5.0) | 1.000 | ||
| LBBB | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1.000 | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | ||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or number (%). Renal impairment was defined as eGFR lower than 50 mL/min/1.73 m2.
ER = emergency room, AMI = acute myocardial infarction, HTN = hypertension, DM = diabetes mellitus, CAD = coronary artery disease, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG = coronary artery bypass graft, PAD = peripheral artery disease, RBBB = right bundle branch block, LBBB = left bundle branch block, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.