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. 2021 Mar 1;12:1346. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21634-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Rhesus macaques (n = 6/group) were immunized with 30 µg S-Trimer adjuvanted with 0.25 mL AS03, 30 µg S-Trimer adjuvanted with 1.5 mg CpG 1018 plus 0.75 mg alum, or PBS vehicle control twice on Day 0 and Day 21 and were challenged on Day 35 with 2.6 × 10⁶ TCID50 (60% intranasal and 40% intratracheal) live SARS-CoV-2 virus. The humoral immune responses and kinetics were analyzed and compared with a human convalescent sera (HCS) panel, based on a S-Trimer binding antibody ELISA titers, b ACE2-competitive ELISA titers, c SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization titers, and d wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization titers. Circular points represent individual animals and humans; kinetics data are presented as geometric mean titers (GMT) ± SEM. For statistical analysis of antibody titers, all comparisons were made against the vehicle negative control group with Two-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.