Table 4.
Summary of compounds targeting pyroptosis in related cancers.
| Classification | Compounds | Cancers/Cancer cell lines | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural products | Galangin | Glioblastoma | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (241) |
| Anthocyanin | Oral squamous cell carcinoma | NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β↑ | (242) | |
| Dioscin | Osteosarcoma | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (243) | |
| Berberine | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Caspase-1/GSDMD↑ | (244) | |
| Huaier extract | Non-small-cell lung cancer | Caspase-1/GSDMD↑ | (245) | |
| Curcumin | Malignant mesothelioma cells | Caspase-1/GSDMD/HMGB1↑ | (246) | |
| Reagents | L61H10 | Lung cancer cell lines | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (247) |
| Metformin | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | miR497/PELP1/GSDMD↑ | (248) | |
| DHA | Breast cancer cells | Caspase-1/GSDMD/HMGB1↑ | (249) | |
| DPP8/9 inhibitors | Human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines | Caspase-1/GSDMD↑ | (250) | |
| α-NETA | Epithelial ovarian cancer cells | Caspase-4/GSDMD↑ | (251) | |
| Iron | Melanoma | ROS/GSDME↑ | (252) | |
| Chemotherapy drugs | Doxorubicin; Actinomycin-D; Bleomycin; Topotecan; Paclitaxel; Cisplatin |
Lung cancer | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (101, 253) |
| Doxorubicin | Melanoma | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (254) | |
| 5-fluorouracil | Gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901 and MKN-45) | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (255) | |
| Topotecan; Etoposide; Cisplatin | SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells; MeWo cells | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (101) | |
| Lobaplatin | Colon cancer cells | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ ROS/JNK/Bax/cytochrome c↑ |
(256) | |
| Chemo sensitizer | BI2536 | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ Inhibiting DNA damage repair |
(257) |
| Molecular targeted therapy | Trametinib; Erlotinib; Ceritinib | K-Ras-, EGFR-, or ALK-driven lung cancer | Caspase-3/GSDME↑ | (258) |
| Combinations of BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors | Melanoma | GSDME/HMGB1↑ | (259) | |
| Nanomedicine | As2O3-NPs | Hepatocellular carcinoma | GSDME↑ | (260) |
GSDME, gasdermin E; NLRP3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3; IL, interleukin; GSDMD, gasdermin D; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; PELP1, proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPP8/9, dipeptidyl peptidase 8/9; α-NETA, 2-(anaphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium iodide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; Bax, BCL-2 associated X; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; BRAF, B-Raf proto-oncogene; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; As2O3-NPs, arsenic trioxide nanoparticles.