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. 2021 Feb 16;11:616157. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.616157

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Copyright © 2021 Aleidi, Dahabiyeh, Gu, Al Dubayee, Alshahrani, Benabdelkamel, Mujammami, Li, Aljada and Abdel Rahman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolomics profile of the study population (A) Obese vs. obese diabetic patients (OT2DM) metabolomics profile was evaluated using PLS-DA analysis, the clusters of both groups were clearly separated (Q2 = 0.885, R = 0.992) (B) Volcano plot of obese vs. OT2DM groups shows the significantly changed metabolites. 459 metabolities were up-regulated and 166 were down-regulated in OT2DM group with fold change and FDR adjusted p-value at the cut-off 1.5 (or 0.67), and (0.038, respectively (C) Obese diabetic (OT2DM) vs. Obese diabetic taking metformin (OT2DMMet) metabolomic profile was evaluated using PLS-DA analysis, the clusters of both groups were clearly separated (Q2 = 0.686, R2 = 0.983) (D) Volcano plot of OT2DM vs. OT2DMMet group shows levels of 107 metabolites were significantly different as of metformin, 78 were upregulated and 29 were down-regulated in obese diabetic patients taking metformin. The fold change and FDR adjusted p-value at the cut-off 1.5 (or 0.67) and 0.05, respectively.