TABLE 2.
Root system architecture of MdTyDc-overexpression apple plants after 15 days under control and alkaline conditions.
| Treatment | Length (cm) | Avg diam (mm) | Volume (cm3) | Tips (No. root–1) | Forks (No. root–1) | Surf area (cm2) |
| M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | |
| CK-WT | 529.81 + 29.35ab | 0.43 + 0.01ab | 0.87 + 0.003a | 1030.65 + 5.65b | 3846.03 + 40.24a | 85.33 + 1.28a |
| CK-OE-2 | 518.6 + 45.42b | 0.43 + 0.01a | 0.86 + 0.001ab | 1039.19 + 5.29a | 3887.88 + 26.98a | 85.86 + 0.4a |
| CK-OE-3 | 561.92 + 18.78a | 0.43 + 0.01ab | 0.86 + 0.002a | 1031.96 + 2.91b | 3894.92 + 19.86a | 86.29 + 0.62a |
| CK-OE-5 | 556.5 + 24.56a | 0.43 + 0.01ab | 0.86 + 0.005a | 1033.33 + 3.59ab | 3895.09 + 57.57a | 85.7 + 1.45a |
| AL-WT | 329.4 + 21.12d | 0.43 + 0.01b | 0.86 + 0.004b | 930.23 + 5.4d | 2591.78 + 36.06c | 65.32 + 0.43d |
| AL-OE-2 | 454.23 + 17.11c | 0.43 + 0.01a | 0.86 + 0.005a | 983.9 + 4.25c | 3596.26 + 56.5b | 77.03 + 1.17b |
| AL-OE-3 | 438.02 + 9.47c | 0.43 + 0.01a | 0.86 + 0.004ab | 983.16 + 5.11c | 3598.9 + 58.3b | 75.2 + 1.84c |
| AL-OE-5 | 434.29 + 14.04c | 0.43 + 0.01ab | 0.86 + 0.005a | 987.7 + 4.44c | 3646.23 + 39.16b | 76.08 + 0.86bc |
The data are presented as means ± SD (n = 10). Significant differences between WT and MdTyDc overexpression lines are indicated by different lowercase letters based on Tukey’s multi-range test (P < 0.05). WT, wild type. OE-2, MdTyDc overexpression line 2. OE-3, MdTyDc overexpression line 3. OE-5, MdTyDc overexpression line 5.