Fig. 4.

Effects of 7,3’,4’-THIF on LPS-induced ROS production (A) in BV2 microglial cells. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of 7,3’,4’-THIF (10, 25, or 50 μM) for 30 min and then activated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h. ROS levels were measured using commercial ROS kits (Abcam plc, Cambridge, UK). Then, intracellular ROS accumulation was measured by incubating the cells with DCFH-DA fluorescent dye and observing via fluorescence microscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) (20× magnification). The images shown are representative of three experiments. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n=6). *p<0.05 compared with the control group. ^###p<0.001 compared with the LPS-treated group. Scale bar: 200 μm.