Fig. 5.

Time-course effects of diprotin A and berberine on mDPP4 activity and Th1-specific cytokine expression in H9 Th1 cells. The cells were stimulated with various combinations of DMSO and PWM (10 µg/mL) and the DPP4 inhibitors, diprotin A (20 µg/mL) and berberine (20 µg/mL). The mDPP4 enzyme activity of the harvested cells was measured at the indicated time points (A). The values of Th1-specific cytokines, including IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, and VEGF in the culture supernatants were quantified (B). All the analyses were performed in the same manner as that described in Fig. 4.