Table 3. Psychiatric Comorbidities Before and After Diagnosis of ADHDa.
| Comorbidity | Children, No. (%) | P valueb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 8980) | Asian (n = 365) | Black (n = 682) | Hispanic (n = 1034) | Other/unknown (n = 340) | Total (N = 11 401) | ||
| Pre-ADHD diagnosis | |||||||
| Speech sound disorder | 1427 (15.9) | 97 (26.6) | 104 (15.2) | 196 (19.0) | 54 (15.9) | 1878 (16.5) | <.001 |
| Unspecified anxiety disorder | 500 (5.6) | 18 (4.9) | 29 (4.3) | 32 (3.1) | 14 (4.1) | 593 (5.2) | .01 |
| Unspecified neurodevelopmental disorder | 784 (8.7) | 54 (14.8) | 50 (7.3) | 105 (10.2) | 37 (10.9) | 1030 (9.0) | <.001 |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 527 (5.9) | 62 (17.0) | 43 (6.3) | 68 (6.6) | 22 (6.5) | 722 (6.3) | <.001 |
| Adjustment disorder | 1085 (12.1) | 31 (8.5) | 68 (10.0) | 94 (9.1) | 27 (7.9) | 1305 (11.4) | .001 |
| Post-ADHD diagnosis | |||||||
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 815 (9.1) | 19 (5.2) | 39 (5.7) | 57 (5.5) | 24 (7.1) | 954 (8.4) | <.001 |
| Unspecified anxiety disorder | 1312 (14.6) | 46 (12.6) | 64 (9.4) | 117 (11.3) | 42 (12.4) | 1581 (13.9) | <.001 |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 912 (10.2) | 85 (23.3) | 80 (11.7) | 139 (13.4) | 44 (12.9) | 1260 (11.1) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
a
Comorbidities evaluated in the study include common pediatric internalizing and externalizing disorders.
b
P values are based on F tests.