Table 1.
Main characteristics of the included studies.
| Reference | Background | Patients | Index Test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Centre | Study Type | Study Design | No. of Patients | Average Age (y) | Male, % | Imaging Modality | LI-RADS Version | |
| Chen et al., 2019 [21] | China | Single | Retrospective | Case-control | 210 | 54.5 | 77.6 | CEUS | 2017 |
| Huang et al., 2020 [22] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 172 | 51.8 | 79.1 | CEUS | 2017 |
| Li et al., 2019 [23] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 1366 | 52.3 | 80.3 | CEUS | 2017 |
| Ling et al., 2018 [24] | China | Single | Retrospective | NR | 56 | 52.5 | 82.1 | CEUS | 2017 |
| Lyshchik et al., 2019 [28] | USA | Multiple | Prospective | Cohort | NR | NR | NR | CEUS | 2017 |
| Schellhaas et al., 2017 [25] | Germany | Single | Prospective | Cohort | 100 | 66.1 | 85.0 | CEUS | 2016 |
| Terzi et al., 2017 [26] | Italy | Multiple | Retrospective | Cohort | 848 | 70 | 53.9 | CEUS | 2016 |
| Zheng et al., 2020 [27] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 1826 | 54 | 89.9 | CEUS | 2017 |
| Wang et al., 2020 [20] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 63 | 56 | 74.6 | CEUS | 2017 |
| ECA-MRI | 2018 | ||||||||
| Alhasan et al., 2018 [48] | Canada | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 59 | 63.2 | 76.3 | CT | 2017 |
| An et al., 2019 [29] | Korea | Multiple | Retrospective | Case-control | 217 | 59 | 76.5 | CT, HBA-MRI | 2014 |
| Basha et al., 2018 [49] | Egypt | Multiple | Prospective | Cohort | 240 | 61.5 | 55.8 | CT, ECA-MRI | 2014 |
| Cha(1) et al., 2020 [50] | Korea | Single | Prospective | Cohort | 122 | 55 | 82.8 | ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Cha(2) et al., 2017 [30] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 421 | 57 | 72.0 | CT, HBA-MRI a | 2014 |
| Choi et al., 2019 [31] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Case-control | 194 | 57 | 79.9 | HBA-MRI | 2017 |
| Darnell et al., 2015 [32] | Spain | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 133 | 64 | 50.9 | ECA-MRI | 2014 |
| Forner et al., 2019 [51] | Spain | Single | Retrospective | NR | 262 | NR | NR | MRI | 2018 |
| Fraum et al., 2018 [33] | USA | Single | Prospective | Cohort | 220 | 60.3 | NR | CT, ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI a | 2014 |
| Hwang et al., 2019 [52] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 177 | 58 | 89.3 | HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Jeon et al., 2019 [34] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Case-control | 140 | 56 | 71.7 | HBA-MRI | 2017 |
| Joo et al., 2018 [35] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | NR | 288 | NR | NR | HBA-MRI | 2017 |
| Kang et al., 2020 [53] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 266 | 61.3 | 81.2 | HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Kierans et al., 2018 [36] | USA | Multiple | Retrospective | Cohort | 114 | 57 | 65.8 | ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI | 2017 |
| Kim DH et al., 2019 [54] | Korea | Single | Prospective | Cohort | 258 | 61 | 81.4 | HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Kim YY et al., 2017 [37] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 143 | 58 | 83.9 | HBA-MRI | 2014 |
| Lee S et al., 2019 [39] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 298 | 57.4 | 72.1 | ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Lee SE et al., 2017 [55] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 103 | 61 | 74.8 | ECA-MRI | 2017 |
| Lee SM 2019 [38] | Korea | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 387 | 59 | 78.8 | HBA-MRI | 2017, 2018 |
| Liu et al., 2017 [40] | China | Single | Retrospective | NR | 249 | 51 | 85.5 | CT, MRI a | 2014 |
| Ludwig et al., 2019 [41] | USA | Multiple | Retrospective | Cohort | 178 | 61.9 | 77.5 | CT, ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI a | 2018 |
| Min et al., 2019 [56] | Korea | Single | Prospective | Cohort | 125 | 55.3 | 81.6 | CT, ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Park et al., 2019 [42] | Korea | Multiple | Retrospective | Cohort | 267 | 56.2 | 77.9 | HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Ren et al., 2019 [43] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 181 | 56.4 | 77.9 | ECA-MRI | 2017, 2018 |
| Renzulli et al., 2018 [57] | Italy | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 228 | 63.7 | 79.4 | HBA-MRI | 2017 |
| Ronot et al., 2018 [58] | France | Multiple | Prospective | Cohort | 442 | 61.9 | 77.6 | CT, ECA-MRI | 2014 |
| Shao et al., 2020 [44] | China | Single | Retrospective | Case-control | 140 | 48 | 85.7 | ECA-MRI, HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Wang W et al., 2020 [45] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 204 | 55 | 89.2 | HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Yang et al., 2019 [46] | China | Single | Retrospective | NR | 130 | 51.5 | 76.2 | HBA-MRI | 2018 |
| Zhang et al., 2019 [47] | China | Single | Retrospective | Cohort | 203 | 50.3 | 77.3 | HBA-MRI | 2017 |
Abbreviations: LI-RADS, Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System. CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound. CT, computed tomography. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. ECA, extracellular contrast agents. HBA, hepatobiliary agents. NR, not reported. a, these studies did not evaluate the diagnostic accuracy at CT and MRI separately.