Table 2.

Elevated expression of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits, TCA cycle enzymes and SLC25 family transporters in whole-cell proteomes from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patient lymphoblasts (n = 34) compared to healthy controls (n = 31) was replicated from previous work. Each cell line was sampled once, or twice for a subset of healthy controls arbitrarily included to act as an internal control across each experiment in the proteomics work. Proteins detected in fewer than five samples were excluded. Fold change refers to the mean abundance of a given protein in the CFS group divided by its mean abundance in the control group, with the initial relative abundance determined by normalising Intensity-Based Absolute Quantitation abundance to the internal control average within the respective experiment. Binomial tests were employed to assess fraction upregulated with H_o set to p = 0.5 (equal up- and downregulated proportions) and H₁ being that the upregulated proportion was greater. Single-sample t tests were employed to assess magnitude of upregulation with H_o as mean fold change ≤1 and H₁ as mean fold change >1.

Functional Category	Number of Subunits Detected	Fraction Fold Change >1 in ME/CFS Proteomes	Binomial Test p Value	Mean Fold Change (± Standard Error)	Single-Sample t Test p Value
Complex I	23	17/23	0.017	1.20 ± 0.05	3.44 × 10−4
Complex II	2	2/2	NA	1.08 ± 0.03	NA
Complex III	6	6/6	0.16	1.22 ± 0.03	7.69 × 10−4
Complex IV	10	7/10	0.17	1.07 ± 0.04	0.07
Complex V	22	18/22	2.17 × 10−3	1.11 ± 0.02	1.18 × 10−4
All 5 Complexes	63	50/63	1.51 × 10−6	1.14 ± 0.02	1.21 × 10−8
TCA Cycle	19	18/19	3.82 × 10−5	1.17 ± 0.04	1.03 × 10−4
Protein import complex subunits	11	4/11	0.89	1.00 ± 0.04	0.81
SLC25 family	11	9/11	0.033	1.33 ± 0.14	0.016