Table 1.
The impact of LOXL2 in different types of cancer.
| Cancer Type | Effect Observed |
|---|---|
| Lung cancer (NSCLC) | High cytoplasmatic LOXL2 associated with (↑) size of tumor and (↓) overall survival. |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | LOXL2 has been shown to be a marker of poor survival. |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | LOXL2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. LOXL2 is overexpressed in HCC patients and is positively correlated with tumor grade, metastasis, vasculogenic mimicry formation, and poor survival. |
| Colorectal cancer | LOXL2 was upregulated in SW480 cells, which presented high migratory potential. Patients with high LOXL2 expression had a significantly increased rate of distant metastases and decreased survival. |
| Pancreatic cancer | LOXL2 is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer showing a sevenfold increase comparing with healthy human tissue. Silencing LOXL2 renders cells sensitive to chemotherapy. |
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) | LOXL2 plays a key role in the invasion of ESCC cell lines, through the disruption of cytoskeletal components. Patients with decreased levels of nuclear LOXL2 and increased cytoplasmic LOXL2 levels had lower survival rates. Increased LOXL2 expression drives tumor cell invasion and is associated with poor prognosis. |
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas | LOXL2 knock down cells had an upregulation of epidermal differentiation genes. LOXL2 and SNAIL knockdown reduced invasion in a mouse carcinogenesis model. |
| Gastric cancer | Significant reduction in the survival rate of gastric cancer patients positive for LOXL2 in both stromal and cancer cells. |
| Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) | LOXL2 siRNA knockdown significantly inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cell lines. Elevated LOXL2 expression correlated with the pathologic stages of ccRCC patients. |