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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Viral pandemics in the 21st century and their fatality rate (FR) (Upper left). Discovery of human coronaviruses and their FRs (Upper right): Pharmaceutical companies developing COVID-19 vaccine and their clinical stages (Lower).