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. 2021 Feb 18;11(2):117. doi: 10.3390/metabo11020117

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Itaconate is a competitive and reversible SDH inhibitor in diverse cell types. (a) Schematic depicting plasma membrane permeabilizer reagent (PMP) to access mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cells. (b) Succinate-driven respiration in Huh7 cells in the presence (red) or absence (black) of itaconate (ita). (c) Succinate-driven respiration with increasing itaconate concentrations in Huh7 and A549 cells. Significance is depicted compared to 0 mM itaconate. (d) Succinate-driven respiration after serial addition of Ita/Suc/Ita (red) or Ita/Suc/Suc (grey) in HuH7 cells. (e) Succinate driven respiration after serial addition of itaconate or succinate in Huh7 and A549 cells. (f) Schematic depicting the competitive inhibition of itaconate on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Data depict mean ± s.e.m. (b,d) or box and whiskers (c,e) obtained from 5 cellular replicates. One-way ANOVA (c) relative to 0 mM itaconate with no adjustment for multiple comparisons and # p < 0.0001.