Table 3.
Comparison of lung ultrasound scores, postoperative laboratory findings, and complications between the individualized and standardized groups.
| Characteristic | Individualized Group (n = 30) |
Standardized Group (n = 30) |
p-Value | Mean or Median or Risk Difference (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung ultrasound score | ||||
| Preoperative baseline | 6.0 (4.0–11.0) | 4.5 (3.0–9.0) | 0.143 | −1.0 (−4.0 to 0.0) |
| After extubation | 8.1 ± 5.7 | 12.2 ± 4.2 | 0.002 | −4.13 (−6.74 to –1.53) |
| Difference | −0.5 ± 2.7 | 6.0 ± 2.9 | <0.001 | −6.53 (−8.00 to –5.07) |
| Postoperative laboratory findings (POD #1) | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 12.9 ± 1.0 | 0.608 | −0.13 (−0.65 to 0.38) |
| Hematocrit, % | 38.1 (37.5–39.4) | 38.3 (36.3–40.0) | 0.918 | 0.05 (–1.30 to 1.30) |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 0.023 | −0.15 (−0.28 to −0.22) |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 112.0 (105.0–120.0) | 118.5 (106.0–129.0) | 0.311 | 5.00 (−4.00 to 13.00) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.84 (0.77–0.96) | 0.87 (0.74–0.98) | 0.947 | 0.00 (−0.08 to 0.09) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89.9 ± 18.2 | 89.4 ± 19.1 | 0.926 | 0.45 (−9.19 to 10.09) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 0.766 | −0.11 (−0.85 to 0.63) |
| Postoperative respiratory complications | ||||
| Total | 10 (33.3) | 15 (50.0) | 0.190 | 0.50 (0.18 to 1.42) |
| Hypoxemia, n | 6 (20.0) | 11 (36.7) | 0.152 | 0.43 (0.14 to 1.38) |
| Bronchospasm, n | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Laryngospasm, n | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Pneumothorax, n | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Pleural effusion, n | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Atelectasis, n | 6 (20.0) | 5 (16.7) | 0.739 | 1.25 (0.34 to 4.64) |
| Pulmonary infiltration, n | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.7) | 0.492 | 0.48 (0.37 to 0.63) |
| Postoperative other complications | ||||
| Total | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10.0) | 0.999 | 0.64 (0.10 to 4.15) |
| Anastomosis site leakage, n | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) | ||
| Acute kidney injury, n | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) | ||
| Variant angina, n | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | ||
| Subcutaneous emphysema, n | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10.0) | 0.999 | 0.64 (0.10 to 4.15) |
| Length of hospital stay, day | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 0.410 | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) |
| ICU admission, n | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
Values are reported as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) or number (%). POD = postoperative day; NA = not available; ICU = intensive care unit.