Table 3.
Effect of n-3 PUFA Supplementation upon Levels of Resolution Molecules.
| Study | Patients | Supplement | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Markworth [54] | healthy | EPA or DPA (1 g/d) | DPA: increased maresin 1; no change resolvin D1 EPA: no change maresin 1, resolvin D1, resolvin E1 |
| Barden [55] | healthy | Fish oil (2.4 g/d EPA + DHA) | Increase: resolvin E1 No change: resolvins E2 & E3, 18R-resolvin E3, resolvins D1 & D2, 17R-resolvin D1 |
| Colas [56] | healthy | EPA + DHA (0.7 g/d) with aspirin | Increased: resolvins D1 & D2, 17-epi-protectin D1, resolvins E2 & E3 Decreased: 17-epi-resolvin D1, resolvins D3 & D6, 17-epi-resolvin D3, resolvin E1 No change: resolvin D5 |
| Norris [57] | healthy | EPA + DHA (900, 1800, 3400 mg/d) | Increased SPM cluster (resolvins D1 & E1, lipoxin B4, aspirin triggered (AT)-LXA4, 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA) |
| Ramirez [58] | Peripheral artery disease | Fish oil (2.2 g/d EPA + DHA) | Increased: resolvin E1 & E3 No increase: resolvin E2, protectin D1, maresin 1 & 2, resolvins D1 & D2 & D3 & D4 & D5, 17R-resolvin D1, 17R-resolvin D3 |
| Keelan [59] | Pregnant women | Fish oil (3.7 g/d n-3 PUFA) | Placenta No increase: resolvin D1, 17R-resolvin D1, resolvin D2, protectin D1 (despite increase in 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA) |
| Elajami [60] | Coronary artery disease | Fish oil (3.4 g/d DHA + EPA) | Increase: resolvins D6 & E2, AT-resolvin D3, AT-protectin D1, AT-lipoxin B4 Decrease: AT-resolvin D1, resolvin D3, lipoxin B4 |
| Barden [61] | Metabolic syndrome | Fish oil (2.4 g/d EPA + DHA) | Increase: resolvins E1 & E2 & E3 No change: 17-HDHA & 14-HDHA, resolvins D1 & D2, 17R-resolvin D1, protectin D1, maresin 1 |
| Fiala [62] | Cognitive impairment | EPA + DHA (2 g/d) | Variable responses for resolvin D1(increased 6 pts, decreased 4 patients, variable levels 4 pts) |
| Mas [63] | Chronic kidney disease | Fish oil (3.5 g/d EPA + DHA + DPA) | Increased: resolvin D1 No change: 17R-resolvin D1, resolvin D2 |
| Souza [64] | healthy | 18-HEPE + 17-HDHA (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 g/d) | Resolvins and protectins increased at 3.0 and 4.5 g/d; no change with 1.5 g/d |
| Wang [65] | Alzheimer’s disease | Fish oil (1.7 g/d DHA + 0.6 g/d EPA) | Decreased resolvin D1; no difference for lipoxin A4 |
EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; DPA = docosapentaenoic acid.