Table 4.
Studies of n-3 PUFA and Lipid Peroxidation.
| Study | Subjects | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Xu [98] | Lipid emulsions, in vitro |
Higher lipid hydroperoxides with fish oil vs. olive soybean oil emulsion |
| Watkins [99] | Colon cells | DHA increased oxidation, oleic acid decreased oxidation |
| Ng [100] | Colon cells | DHA increased oxidation and apoptosis |
| Fuhrman [101] | Mice | DHA increased oxidation compared to oleic acid, olive oil, linoleic acid, soybean oil |
| Kubo [102] | Rat | DHA increased liver and kidney peroxidation |
| Oarada [103] | Mice | Fish oil increased peroxidation in liver and kidneys compared to soybean and olive oils |
| Song [52,104] | Rat | DHA increased lipid peroxidation in plasma, kidneys, and liver |
| Lavoie [105] | Guinea pig | Fish oil mixed intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) increased oxidative stress and apoptosis compared to soybean ILE |
| Lengo [106] | Guinea pig | Oxidation higher with fish oil containing ILE compared to soybean oil ILE |
| Allard [107] | Men | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation compared to olive oil |
| Meydani [108] | Women | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation |
| Brown [109] | Men | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation |
| McAnulty [110] | Healthy humans | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation with exercise |
| Rhodes [111] | Healthy humans | Fish oil increased epidermal lipid peroxidation after UV irradiation |
| Antebi [112] | Abdominal surgery | Fish oil increased susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation |
| Suzukawa [113] | Hypertension | Fish oil increased susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation |
| Hau [114] | Hypertriglyceridemia | Fish oil increased susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation |
| McGrath [115] | Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation compared to olive oil |
| Harats [116] | Smokers and nonsmokers | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation; greater increase in smokers |
| Grundt [117] | Myocardial infarction | Fish oil increased lipid peroxidation; greater than corn oil |
| Rice [118] | Acute lung injury | Fish oil containing enteral nutrition increased lipid peroxidation |
| Wu [119] | Gastrointestinal surgery | Fish oil ILE had higher oxygen radicals compared to soybean MCT (medium chain triglyceride) emulsion |
| Kosek [120] | Long term parenteral nutrition | Fish oil containing ILE increased lipid and protein peroxidation |
| Demirer [121] | Abdominal surgery | High PUFA ILE (fish and soybean oils) had higher lipid peroxidation compared with low PUFA ILE |
| Shidfar [122] | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | n-3 PUFA supplement decreased lipid peroxidation; peroxidation unchanged with linoleic acid, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid supplement |
| Toorang [123] | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | No effect upon oxidation with n-3 PUFA supplement and sunflower oil supplement |
| Linseisen [124] | Abdominal surgery | No effect upon oxidation with fish oil ILE vs. soybean ILE |