Table 2.
Chromatin dynamics (histone modifications and DNA methylation changes) associated with biotic stress-induced gene expression in plants.
| Stress Type | Chromatin Modifications Tested | Epigenetic Modifiers Tested | Species | Genes Associated | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biotic stress | |||||
| H3/H4ac, H3/H4me | Arabidopsis thaliana | WRKY6/29/53 | [30] | ||
| H3/H4ac, H3K4me2/3, H3K9me2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | PR1 | [121] | ||
| Histone acetylation, 5-mC | ELP2/3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | PR1/2/5 | [123] | |
| H3K9ac | PsAvh23, ADA2, GCN5 | Glycine max | PGIP1, HSP20/90, WRKY33/41, NAC, MAPKKK14/18 | [124] | |
| H3K9/14ac | NO | Arabidopsis thaliana | MKK2, PNC2, BAG6, AIG2, TRX3, WRKY27/53, TGA2/5 | [125] | |
| H3K9ac | HD2B | Arabidopsis thaliana | At1g80180, At4g31470, At1g49640, At5g01740 | [127] | |
| H3ac | HDA6 | Arabidopsis thaliana | PR1/2, WRKY38 | [128] | |
| H3K4/36me1/2/3, H2Bub | SDG8/25 | Arabidopsis thaliana | CCR2, CER3 | [129] | |
| H3K4me3 | ATXR7, MOS9 | Arabidopsis thaliana | RPP4, SNC1 | [130] | |
| H3K4me2/3 | JMJ704 | Oryza sativa | NRR, OsWRKY62, Os-11N3 | [131] | |
| H3K9me2 | JMJ27 | Arabidopsis thaliana | WRKY25, PR1/3/4/5 | [132] | |
| H3K4me3, H3K9me2 | IBM1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | PR1/2, FRK1 | [133] | |
| H2A.Xa/H2A.Xb/H2A.3/H2B.7ub | BRHIS1 | Oryza sativa | OsPBZc, OsSIRK1 | [134] | |
| Chromatin remodeling | CHR5 | Arabidopsis thaliana | SNC1 | [136] | |
| 5-mC | ELP2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | NPR1, PAD4 | [143] | |
| 5-mC in promoter | Solanum tuberosum | R3a | [144] | ||
| 5-mC | Phaseolus vulgaris | NB-LRR | [145,146] | ||
| 5-mC | Aegilops tauschii | AeGlu | [147] | ||
| 5-mC in promoter | Vitis vinifera | EDS1 | [148] | ||