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. 2021 Feb 19;10(2):202. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10020202

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A phage chemical modification strategy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. (A) Silver nanoparticles delivered by phages directly lead to cell death [63]. (B) Photosensitizers AIEgens (1) and pheophorbide a (PPA) (2) loaded on phage can produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria efficiently after light irradiation [64,65]. (C) Phages immobilized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) (1) and cellulose membrane (2) could achieve an efficient inhibition of pathogens due to an increased effective phage concentration [66,67].