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Impact of the impaired autophagy on cells of various types: ECs (endothelial cells), MP (macrophages), and VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) in advanced atherosclerotic plaque. In Ecs, it causes cellular senescence and apoptosis, which leads to atherothrombosis; in MP—contributes to plaque instability through induced necrosis and apoptosis; in VSMCs—causes accelerated plaque formation through cellular senescence.
