Table 2.
Pharmacological agents affecting mitophagy.
| Agent | Effect on Mitophagy |
Effects on Cardiovascular System | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | Activation | Opening of the mPTP prevention; inhibition of the PINK1/Parkin activation within the microcirculating endothelial cells of an i/r mouse model; prevention of mitophagy-mediated cell death; attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation; inhibition of atherosclerosis development; |
[76,88] |
| Simvastatin | Activation | Reduction of infarct area in mouse model of myocardial infarction; mTOR signaling inhibition in mice model and HL-1 cells; Stimulation of mitochondrial translocation of Parkin and p62/SQSTM1 |
[90] |
| Liraglutide | Activation | Oxidative stress reduction; redox reaction balance; SIRT1 and Parkin upregulation; mitochondrial homeostasis maintaining |
[91] |
| Zinc (Zn) | Activation | PINK1 and Beclin1 upregulation; Prevention of superoxide generation; Prevention of mitochondrial membrane potential loss during reperfusion; mitochondrial oxidative stress inhibition; Cardioprotection |
[92] |
| TEMPOL | Activation | Upregulation of PINK1 and Parkin; Promotion of cardiac recovery in aging animals. |
[93] |
| Curcumin | Inhibition | Suppression of BNIP3 effects. | [93] |
| Erythorbic acid | Inhibition | Lowering the mitochondrial injury and necrotic cell death of cardiac myocytes; Suppression of BNIP3 effects; Improvement of oxidative damage; Improvement of cardiac dysfunction. |
[94] |
| Naringin | Inhibition | Inhibition of Parkin translocation to the mitochondria. | [95] |