Table 1.
In vitro effect of NEMguard® DE on Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J2).
| NEMguard® DE | Nematode Movement (%) | NaOH | Gall Index | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure Time | Concentration mg/mL |
N (%) | A (%) | I (%) | D (%) | |
| 24 h | 0 (control) | 100 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0 | 6.2 a |
| 0.25 | 90.7 b | 9.0 b | 0.3 a | 0 | 6.5 a | |
| 0.5 | 1.9 c | 89.6 c | 8.5 c | 15 | 4.3 b | |
| 1 | 0.2 c | 72.5 d | 27.3 d | 23 | 0.8 c | |
| 2 | 0.2 c | 66.5 d | 33.3 d | 39.8 | 0.4 c | |
| 48 h | 0 (control) | 100 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0 | 6.4 a |
| 0.25 | 65.1 b | 34.5 b | 0.4 a | 0 | 6.2 a | |
| 0.5 | 0 c | 85.8 c | 14.2 b | 26 | 2.6 b | |
| 1 | 0.0 c | 39.7 b | 60.3 c | 65.9 | 0.0 c | |
| 2 | 0.0 c | 38.2 b | 61.8 c | 69.3 * | 0.0 c | |
| 96 h | 0 (control) | 98.4 a | 1.4 a | 0.2 a | 0 | 6 a |
| 0.25 | 74.9 b | 24.5 b | 0.6 a | 0 | 5.8 a | |
| 0.5 | 0.0 c | 71 c | 28.2 b | 22.5 | 2.4 b | |
| 1 | 0.0 c | 6.1 a | 93.9 c | 85.1 * | 1.2 bc | |
| 2 | 0.0 c | 3.6 a | 96.4 c | 95.1 | 0.0 c | |
Percentage (%) of normal (N), affected (A), immotile (I) and dead (D) J2 (n = 3). NEMguard® DE exposed J2 were inoculated on germinated Cucumis sativus seedlings and three weeks later, root gall indexing (GI) was determined according to Zeck [25] (n = 5). Means within the same column and exposure times followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test. p < 0.05. * show significant differences between the row I and D, calculated using a t-test (n = 3) p < 0.05.