Table 2.
Fermentation characteristics of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) with different content of oat silage in ensiling periods.
| Item | OS | Days of Ensiling | SEM | p-Value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 60 | OS | Days | OS × Days | |||
| pH | 0% | 5.38 bB | 5.74 aA | 5.43 b | 5.29 bAB | 4.87 cB | 4.56 dB | 4.42 d | 4.49 dB | 0.03 | 0.015 | <0.001 | 0.062 |
| 11% | 5.62 aA | 5.61 aAB | 5.68 a | 5.66 aA | 5.27 bA | 4.84 cA | 4.56 d | 4.66 cdA | |||||
| 22% | 5.50 aAB | 5.32 abB | 5.35 ab | 5.11 bB | 4.66 cC | 4.66 cB | 4.61 c | 4.57 cAB | |||||
| NH3-N | 0% | 3.78 bcd | 4.00 bcd | 3.30 cd | 2.97 d | 4.47 b | 4.17 bc | 3.91 bcd | 5.48 a | 0.14 | 0.703 | <0.001 | 0.941 |
| (%TN) | 11% | 3.23 cd | 3.38 cd | 2.99 d | 4.01 bcd | 4.51 bc | 3.15 d | 4.91 b | 6.35 a | ||||
| 22% | 2.79 bc | 2.23 c | 3.57 bc | 3.97 bc | 3.70 bc | 3.98 bc | 4.70 b | 6.20 a | |||||
| Lactic acid | 0% | 3.23 abAB | 2.44 b | 2.53 b | 2.12 b | 2.62 bA | 2.33 b | 4.81 a | 3.42 abA | 0.17 | 0.016 | <0.001 | 0.375 |
| (%DM) | 11% | 4.95 aA | 4.35 a | 4.14 a | 3.90 a | 0.97 bB | 2.90 ab | 3.80 a | 3.11 abA | ||||
| 22% | 1.53 bB | 1.36 b | 3.44 a | 3.45 a | 2.31 bcA | 1.55 b | 3.63 a | 1.98 bcB | |||||
| Acetic acid | 0% | 1.09 b | 0.80 b | 1.22 b | 0.84 b | 1.14 b | 0.77 b | 2.24 a | 2.91 a | 0.11 | 0.582 | <0.001 | 0.069 |
| (%DM) | 11% | 1.11 ab | 1.45 ab | 1.00 ab | 1.18 ab | 0.38 b | 1.52 ab | 2.04 a | 1.47 ab | ||||
| 22% | 0.94 b | 1.35 b | 1.44 b | 1.37 b | 1.13 b | 0.85 b | 2.51 a | 2.45 a | |||||
| Propionic acid | 0% | 0.03 b | 0.09 ab | 0.12 ab | 0.09 ab | 0.08 ab | 0.04 b | 0.14 ab | 0.20 a | 0.03 | 0.068 | <0.001 | 0.156 |
| (%DM) | 11% | 0.07 bc | 0.13 abc | 0.03 c | 0.04 c | 0.10 bc | 0.19 bc | 0.37 a | 0.33 ab | ||||
| 22% | 0.06 b | 0.12 b | 0.11 b | 0.07 b | 0.06 b | 0.05 b | 0.40 a | 0.47 a | |||||
| Butyric acid | 0% | 0.11 | 0.60 A | 0.79 A | 0.38 A | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.44 A | 0.04 | 0.014 | 0.113 | 0.127 |
| (%DM) | 11% | 0.14 | 0.14 B | 0.31 B | 0.24 B | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.09 B | ||||
| 22% | 0.28 | 0.42 A | 0.37 B | 0.12 B | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.07 B | |||||
a–d Means within the same row with different superscripts differ significantly among ensiling days (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05, Tukey’s post hoc test). A–C Means within the same column with different superscripts differ significantly among OS treatments (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05, Tukey’s post hoc test). 0%, 0% oat silage; 11%, 11% oat silage; 22%, 22% oat silage. OS, oat silage content; FTMR, fermented total mixed ration; SEM, standard error of the mean; TN, total nitrogen; DM, dry matter.