| α-SMA | smooth muscle actin |
| ALT | Aminotransferase |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| CCl4 | Carbon tetrachloride |
| CTGF | Connective tissue growth factor |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| HSCs | Hepatic Stellate Cells |
| NAOs | Neoagarooligosaccharides |
| PAI-1 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| SBEs | Smad-binding elements |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
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