| Cu | copper |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| CTR1 | copper transporter protein 1 |
| PLK2 | polo like kinase 2 |
| PP2A | protein phosphatase 2A |
| LB | Lewy body |
| UPS | ubiquitin proteasome system |
| CTR2 | copper transporter protein 2 |
| Dmt1 | divalent metal transporter 1 |
| ATP7A | copper-transporting ATPases 1 |
| ATP7B | copper-transporting ATPases 2 |
| ATOX1 | copper transport protein |
| SOD3 | extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] |
| COX | cytochrome c oxidase |
| Cox17 | cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone |
| Sco1 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 1 chaperone |
| Sco2 | cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 2 chaperone |
| CCS | copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase |
| SOD1 | superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] |
| TH | tyrosine hydroxylase |
| DAT | dopamine transporter |
| RA | retinoic acid |
| BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| MAP2 | microtubule-associated protein 2 |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| CTR | untreated cells |
| SNCA | α-synuclein gene |
| DCFDA | 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate |
| MMP | mitochondrial membrane potential |
| JC-1 | 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbo-cyanine iodide |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| MMP | mitochondrial membrane potential |
| MPT | membrane permeability transition |
| ANT | nucleotide translocase adenine |
| OD | optical density |
| TBS | Tris-buffered saline |