Table 1.
Intervention studies on the effect of different probiotics on anthropometric parameters.
| First Author, Year | Study Design | Participants (Age) |
Intervention Group(s) | Placebo Group(s) | Duration | Changes in Intervention Group(s) a | Changes in Control Group(s) a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gomes, 2017 | Randomized controlled trial (RCT) | 43 (20–59 years) |
n = 21 Diet and 4 sachets/day: 1 × 109 CFU of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-14, L. casei LC-11, L. lactis LL-23, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-06, and B. lactis BL-4 |
n = 22 diet |
8 weeks | BW (kg): −0.98 BMI (kg/m2): −0.45 WC (cm): −5.14 |
BW (kg): −0.95 BMI (kg/m2): −0.72 WC: (cm) −3.32 |
| Lee, 2014 | RCT | 50 (19–65 years) |
n = 25 Twice/day Bofutsushosan, containing 18 components, 3 g per admnistration and priobiotic capsules (Duolac 7 included 5 billion viable of Streptococcus thermophiles, L. Plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. Lactis, B. longum, and B. breve |
n = 25 Twice/dayBTS (3 g per admnistration) and placebo capsules |
8 weeks | BW (kg): 1.02 ± 1.69 BMI (kg/m2): 0.38 ± 0.67 WC (cm): 1.56 ± 1.53 |
BW (kg): 1.87 ± 1.28 BMI: 0.75 ± 0.52 WC (cm): 1.21 ± 2.00 |
| Sanchez, 2014 | RCT | 125 (18–55 years) |
n = 62 two capsules daily (6 × 108cfu of L. rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 (LPR)) |
n = 63 Two capsules daily |
24 weeks | BW (kg): −5.3 ± 4.3 | BW (kg): −3.9 ± 4.2 |
| Zarrati, 2013 | RCT | 75 (20–50 years) |
Group 1, -, n = 25: diet and 200 g/day of probiotic yogurt (PLCD), containing S. thermophiles and L. bulgaricus - enriched with the L. acidophilus LA5, L. casei DN001 and, B. lactis Bb12 (1 × 108 cfu/g each strain) |
Group 2, n = 25: diet and 200 g/die of regular yogurt (RLCD)- Group 3, n = 25: 200 g/day of probiotic yogurt without any diet (PWLCD) |
8 weeks | PLCD: BW (kg): −4.23 BMI (kg/m2): −1.3 WC (cm): −2.78 HC (cm): −2 |
RLCD: BW (kg): −4.87 BMI (kg/m2): −1.9 WC (cm): −2.3 HC (cm): −3.18 PWLCD: BW (kg): −0.04 HC (cm): −0.03 |
| Jung, 2013 | RCT | 62 (19–60 years) |
n = 31 6 capsules/day composed of 1010 cfu of L. gasseri BNR17 |
n = 31 6 placebo capsules/day |
12 weeks | BW (kg): (−1.1 ± 2.2) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.5 ± 0.9) WC (cm): (−2 ± 4.4) HC (cm): (−2.8 ± 3.5) |
BW (cm): (0.2 ± 2.4) BMI (kg/m2): (0.3 ± 1.0) WC (cm): (1.1 ± 4.2) HC (cm): (−1.1 ± 2.3) |
| Sharafedtinov, 2013 | RCT | 40 (30–69 years) |
n = 25 50 g/day of probiotic product (semi-hard cheese) containing L. plantarum TENSIA, added in amounts of 1.5 × 1011 |
n = 15 50 g/day of cheese without probiotics |
3 weeks | BW (kg): −5.7 BMI (kg/m2): −2 |
BW (kg): −4.4 BMI (kg/m2): −2.3 |
| Kadooka, 2013 |
RCT |
210 (35–60 years) |
n = 69 Fermented milk (FM) containing 107 cfu LG2055/g n = 71 FM containing 106 cfu LG2055/g |
n = 70 Control FM containing 0 cfu LG2055/g |
12 weeks | 107 dose BMI (kg/m2): (−0.3) WC (cm): (−1.3) HC (cm): (−1.2) 106 dose BMI (kg/m2): (−0.4) WC (cm): (−1.1) HC (cm): (−0.9) |
BMI (kg/m2): (0.1) WC (cm): (−0.1) HC (cm): (−0.2) |
| Kadooka, 2010 | RCT |
87 (33–63 years) |
n = 43 200 g daily of FM with L. gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055), 5 × 1010 cfu/100 g of FM |
n = 44 200 g (2 portions of 100 g each) daily of FM without LG2055 |
12 weeks | BW (kg): −1.1 BMI (kg/m2): −0.4 WC (cm): −1.7 HC (cm): −1.5 |
BW (kg): 0.3 BMI (kg/m2): 0.1 HC (kg): −0.3 |
| Woodard, 2009 | RCT | 44 (median age of treated group was 48.6 years, of placebo group was 41.2) |
n = 22 1 pill/day of Puritan’s Pride®, probiotic supplement containing 2.4 billion live cells of Lactobacillus species. |
n = 22 placebo |
24 weeks | Weight loss % (6 weeks postoperative): 29.90 |
Weight loss % (6 weeks postoperative):25.50 |
| Asemi, 2014 | RCT | 70 (35–70 years) |
n = 35 3 times/day of synbiotic food with L sporogenes (1 × 107 cfu) and 0.04 inulin as prebiotic. Then they received 27 × 107 cfu L. sporogenes and 1.08 g of inulin each day |
n = 35 Control food: the same substance without probiotic bacteria and prebiotic inulin |
6 weeks | BW (kg): (−0.12 ± 1.57) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.05 ± 0.62) |
BW (kg): (−0.03 ± 2.44) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.02 ± 1) |
| Asemi, 2013 |
RCT | 54 (35–70 years) |
n = 27 The probiotic supplement has L. acidophilus (2 × 109 cfu), L. casei (7 × 109 cfu), L.rhamnosus (1.5 × 109 cfu), L.bulgaricus (2 × 108 cfu), B. breve (2 × 1010 cfu), B.longum (7 × 109 cfu), S. thermophilus (1.5 × 109 cfu) and 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharides |
n = 27 Placebo: the same substance without bacteria |
8 weeks | BMI (kg/m2): −0.65 | BW (kg): −0.61 BMI (kg/m2): −0.26 |
| Shakeri, 2014 |
RCT | 78 (35–70 years) |
n = 26 The synbiotic bread contained probiotic L. sporogenes (1 × 108 cfu) and 0.07 g inulin as prebiotic per 1 g. n = 26 The probiotic bread contained L. sporogenes (1 × 108 cfu) per 1 g. |
n = 26 Control bread: the same substance without probiotic bacteria and prebiotic inulin |
8 weeks | Synbiotic bread: BW (kg): (0.03 ± 1.9) BMI (kg/m2): (0.02 ± 0.8) Probiotic bread: BW (kg): (-0.2 ± 1.4) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.04 ± 0.6) |
Control bread: BW (kg): (−0.05 ± 1.6) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.02 ± 0.6) |
| Mohamadshahi, 2014 | RCT | 44 (18–70 years) |
n = 22 300 g/day of probiotic yogurt (L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus + 3.7×106 cfu/g of both B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 and L. acidophilus strain La5 |
n = 22 300 g/day of conventional yogurt |
8 weeks | BW (kg): −0.33 BMI (kg/m2): −0.12 WC (cm): 0.5 HC (cm): −0.15 |
BW (kg): −0.72 BMI (kg/m2): −0.04 WC (cm): 0.34 HC (cm): 0.19 |
| Nabavi, 2014 | RCT | 72 (23–63 years) |
n = 36 300 g/day of probiotic yogurt containing L. acidophilus La5 (4.42 × 106 cfu/g) and B. lactis Bb12 (3.85 × 106 cfu/g) |
n = 36 300 g/day of conventional yogurt |
8 weeks | BW (kg): −1.74 BMI (kg/m2): −0.68 |
BW (kg): −0.25 BMI (kg/m2): −0.11 |
| Alisi, 2014 | RCT | 48 (median age of treated group was 11 years, of placebo group was 10 years) |
n = 24 Probiotic VLS#3, 1 sachet/day <10 years old or 2 sachet/day >10 years old |
n = 24 Placebo, 1 sachet/day <10 years old or 2 sachet/day >10 years old |
16 weeks | BMI (kg/m2): −2.2 | BMI (kg/m2): 0.1 |
| Shavakhi, 2013 | RCT | 70 (18–75 years) |
n = 34 Two tablets/day of metformin 500 mg + two tablets/day of Protexin (L. acidophilus 1 × 108 CFU, L. casei 5 × 108 CFU, L. rhamnosus 7.5 × 107 CFU, L. bulgaricus 1.5 × 108 CFU, B. breve 5 × 107 CFU, B. longum 2.5 × 107 CFU, S. thermophilus 5 × 107 CFU, fructooligosaccharides 350 mg) |
n = 36 Two tablets/die of metformin 500 mg + two placebo tablets (120 mg of starch)/day |
24 weeks | BMI (kg/m2): −5.2 | BMI (kg/m2): −0.44 |
| Leber, 2012 | RT | 28 (24–66 years) |
n = 13 3 bottles/day (65 ml) containing L. casei Shirota at a concentration of 108/ml (3 × 6.5 × 109 cfu L. casei Shirota) |
n = 15 not received the product and served as a control group (standard). |
12 weeks |
BW (kg): (−0.58 ± 2.54) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.18 ± 0.78) |
BW (kg): (−0.13 ± 1.68) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.05 ± 0.60) |
| Chang, 2011 | RCT | 101 (20–65 years) |
n = 53 Functional yogurt containing S. thermophilus ≥3 × 109c.f.u./g, L. acidophilus ≥3 × 109c.f.u./g, B. infantis ≥1 × 1010c.f.u./g and functional ingredients |
n = 48 The control yogurts contained the same ingredients of S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, B. infantis except functional ingredients |
8 weeks | BW (kg): (−0.24 ± 1.50) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.10 ± 0.58) WC (cm): (−0.45 ± 2.78) |
BW (kg): ( + 0.64 ± 1.39) BMI (kg/m2): ( + 0.24 ± 0.50) WC (cm): ( + 0.42 ± 2.78) |
| Ogawa, 2014 | Single-blind, CT | 30 (27–69 years) |
n = 15 200 g (2 portions of 100 g each) daily of FM with L. gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) The viable cell count of LG2055 waproximately 5 × 1010 cfu/100g of FM on the initial day |
n = 15 200 g (2 portions of 100 g each) daily of control FM without LG2055 L. gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) |
Control FM for 4 weeks; 4 weeks of washout period, active FM for 4 weeks | BW (kg): (−0.04 ± 0.12) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.01 ± 0.04) WC (cm): (−0.75 ± 0.35) |
BW (kg): (−0.23 ± 0.26) BMI (kg/m2): (−0.09 ± 0.09) WC (cm): (−1.78 ± 0.53) |
| Sadrzadeh-Yaganeh, 2010 | RCT | 90 (19–49 years) |
Group 1: n = 30 consumed daily 300 g probiotic yogurt containing L acidophilus La5 and B. lactis Bb12 (3.9 × 107 of both Bb12 and La5) Group 2: n = 30 consumed daily 300 g conventional yogurt |
Group 3: n = 30 did not consume any fermented and probiotic products |
6 weeks | Group 1 BW (kg): 0.2 Group 2 BW (kg): 0.4 BMI (kg/m2): 0.2 |
Group 3 No changes |
as Changes expressed as: (∆ change) ± SD where data are available. Abbreviations: CFU, colony forming unit; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; PLCD, probiotic yogurt with low calorie diet; RLCD, regular yogurt with low calorie diet; PWLCD, probiotic yogurt without low calorie diet; FM, fermented milk.