Table 1.
Characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype A–D, patients with one Rotterdam criterion (1RC) and healthy controls.
| Parameter | A | B | C | D | 1RC | Co | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 392 | 170 | 52 | 38 | 75 | 23 | - |
| Age (years) | 26.6 | 27.6 | 27.3 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
| (22.8–30.2) | (23.2–31.1) | (23.9–29.5) | (23.1–30.4) | (22.5–33.9) | (31.6–40.9) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 | 24.7 | 23.6 | 22.1 | 23.1 | 23.3 | <0.001 |
| (21.5–29.4) | (21.6–33.2) | (21.0–31.4) | (19.9–26.3) | (20.9–28.2) | (20.8–27.2) | ||
| TT (ng/mL) | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.26 | <0.001 |
| (0.41–0.80) | (0.49–0.83) | (0.32–0.59) | (0.29–0.55) | (0.32–0.58) | (0.12–0.37) | ||
| fTesto (pg/mL) | 2.61 | 2.74 | 2.25 | 1.79 | 1.90 | 1.25 | <0.001 |
| (1.93–3.40) | (2.05–3.93) | (1.86–3.14) | (1.43–2.16) | (1.34–2.90) | (1.02–1.67) | ||
| ASD (ng/mL) | 3.57 | 3.38 | 3.39 | 2.31 | 2.93 | 1.69 | <0.001 |
| (2.49–4.89) | (2.52–4.68) | (2.20–4.54) | (1.79–2.81) | (2.05–4.08) | (1.37–2.14) | ||
| DHEA-S (µg/mL) | 1.97 | 2.13 | 2.09 | 1.22 | 1.90 | 1.25 | <0.001 |
| (1.34–2.75) | (1.55–2.96) | (1.35–2.78) | (0.94–1.83) | (1.34–2.48) | (0.78–1.67) | ||
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 43.6 | 44.6 | 47.6 | 57.3 | 53.9 | 66.7 | 0.023 |
| (29.8–64.3) | (27.1–62.5) | (28.4–68.7) | (41.4–69.7) | (38.3–77.4) | (39.5–80.4) | ||
| mFG score (1) | 7 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 1.5 | <0.001 |
| (3–11) | (3–11) | (4–12) | (0–3) | (1–10) | (0–2) | ||
| LH (mIU/mL) | 9.28 | 8.24 | 6.40 | 9.22 | 5.87 | 3.53 | 0.038 |
| (5.29–14.00) | (4.49–13.10) | (4.64–13.21) | (3.76–12.75) | (3.24–9.31) | (2.41–8.18) | ||
| FSH (mIU/mL) | 5.60 | 5.57 | 5.41 | 6.48 | 4.91 | 7.84 | 0.143 |
| (4.27–7.06) | (4.05–7.04) | (3.80–7.60) | (5.45–8.03) | (3.35–7.15) | (4.34–9.94) | ||
| LH/FSH ratio (1) | 1.64 | 1.43 | 1.51 | 1.40 | 1.12 | 0.71 | <0.001 |
| (1.07–2.46) | (0.99–2.23) | (0.84–1.96) | (0.88–1.75) | (0.76–1.85) | (0.40–1.18) | ||
| TSH (µIU/mL) | 1.92 | 1.80 | 1.92 | 1.69 | 1.77 | 1.65 | 0.38 |
| (1.41–2.61) | (1.23–2.39) | (1.46–2.87) | (1.02–2.48) | (1.23–2.42) | (1.16–2.09) | ||
| fT4 [pmol/L] | 14.2 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 0.868 |
| (12.8–15.8) | (13.3–15.7) | (12.9–15.2) | (12.4–16.1) | (13.0–16.2) | (13.3–16.0) | ||
| fT3 [pmol/L] | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | <0.001 |
| (4.6–5.4) | (4.6–5.3) | (4.7–5.4) | (4.4–5.1) | (4.4–5.2) | (4.4–5.0) | ||
| Prolactin (ng/mL) | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 0.847 |
| (7.5–12.9) | (7.8–14.1) | (8.2–13.3) | (5.6–11.9) | (7.9–15.7) | (7.6–15.7) | ||
| 25OHD (ng/mL) | 26.1 | 25.3 | 23.1 | 25.9 | 24.4 | 26.3 | 0.746 |
| (18.5–33.1) | (16.8–31.8) | (19.0–32.0) | (17.9–30.7) | (17.9–33.3) | (18.9–34.9) | ||
| HbA1c (mmol/moL) | 33 | 33 | 33 | 31 | 33 | 34 | 0.324 |
| (31–35) | (31–35) | (31–36) | (30–33) | (31–34) | (31–37) | ||
| HOMA-IR (1) | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.215 |
| (0.8–2.8) | (0.9–3.0) | (0.8–2.8) | (0.9–1.7) | (0.6–2.1) | (0.5–1.3) | ||
| Matsuda (1) | 5.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 11.8 | 0.198 |
| (3.3–10.1) | (2.8–9.1) | (3.7–9.9) | (4.8–12.1) | (4.5–15.1) | (6.3–21.1) | ||
| IR present (n (%)) | 157 (40.1) | 75 (44.4) | 22 (42.3) | 8 (21.1) | 20 (27.0) | 3 (13.0) | - |
| Hyperglycemia present (n (%)) | 25 (6.4) | 11 (6.5) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (5.3) | 5 (6.7) | 3 (13.0) | - |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 175 | 175 | 167 | 173 | 174 | 179 | 0.403 |
| (155–197) | (156–199) | (153–189) | (155–198) | (155–196) | (164–198) | ||
| HDL (mg/dL) | 63 | 62 | 61 | 74 | 69 | 67 | 0.082 |
| (52–75) | (52–77) | (51–74) | (61–82) | (57–83) | (57–82) | ||
| LDL (mg/dL) | 95 | 95 | 89 | 86 | 92 | 101 | 0.119 |
| (78–116) | (81–120) | (72–107) | (71–113) | (74–111) | (94–121) | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 72 | 78 | 70 | 64 | 59 | 58 | 0.020 |
| (54–98) | (56–101) | (52–88) | (45–78) | (48–75) | (45–71) | ||
| MetS present (n (%)) | 57 (14.5) | 25 (14.7) | 5 (9.6) | 2 (5.3) | 5 (6.7) | 1 (4.3) | - |
The p-value in the last column shows the overall ANOVA/Welch-ANOVA statistical significance; BMI: Body mass index; TT: Total testosterone (measured via immunoassay); fTesto: Free testosterone; ASD: Androstenedione; DHEA-S: Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate; SHBG: Sex-hormone binding globulin; mFG score: Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score; LH: Luteinizing hormone; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; TSH: Thyreoid-stimulating hormone; fT4: free thyroxine; fT3; free triiodothyronine; 25OHD: 25-hydroxy-vitamin D: HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; IR: Insulin resistance; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; MetS: Metabolic Syndrome; Phenotype definitions: A: Hyperandrogenism (HA), Oligomenorrhea (OM) and Polycystic Ovarian Morphology (PCOM) present; B: HA and OM present; C: HA and PCOM present; D: OM and PCOM present; 1RC: Only one criterion (HA, OM or PCOM) present; Co: Control group (no Rotterdam criteria present).