Table 1.
Examples of preclinical studies for viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.
| Vector | Construct | Response | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | |||
| Ad5 | Ad5-S-nb2 | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques | [7] |
| Ad5 | Ad5-S-RBD | Systemic & mucosal response in mice (i.n. administration) |
[39] |
| Ad26 | Ad26.COV.S | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in hamsters |
[40] |
| Ad26 | Ad26.COV.S | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques | [41] |
| Ad26/Ad5 | rAd26-S/Ad5-S | Good preclinical safety and immunogenicity profiles | [42] |
| ChAdOx1 | ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques | [43] |
| ChAdOx1 | ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S | Protection of mice after i.n. administration | [44] |
| Lentivirus | |||
| LV | LV-SARS-CoV-2-S | Protection in hamsters after i.n. administration | [45] |
| Influenza | |||
| IFV | ΔNA(RBD)-Flu | Robust antibody responses after i.n. administration | [47] |
| Poxvirus | |||
| MVA | MVA SARS-CoV-2-S/N | Humoral & cellular immune responses in mice | [46] |
| MVA | MVA-COV2-S | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice | [47] |
| NDV | |||
| NDV | NDV SARS-CoV-2-S | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters | [48] |
| NDV | NDV-SARS-CoV-2-S | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice | [49] |
| Measles virus | |||
| MV | MV-SARS-CoV-2-S | Neutralizing & T cell antibody responses in mice | [50] |
| Rhabdovirus | |||
| VSV | VSV-SARS-CoV-2-S | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice | [51] |
| VSV | VSV-Δ | Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters | [52] |
| Alphavirus | |||
| VEE | VEE-SARS-CoV-2-S | High-level neutralizing antibodies in mice | [53] |
| VLPs | |||
| eVLPs | MLV Gag SARS-CoV-2 S | Immunogenicity and efficacy in hamsters | [54] |
eVLPs, virus-like particles; IFV, influenza virus; i.n., intranasal; LV, lentivirus; MLV, murine leukemia virus; MV, measles virus; MVA, modified vaccinia Ankara; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; RBD, receptor-binding domain. VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; VEE, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; VSV-ΔG, VSV vector where the VSV-G protein is replaced by SARS-CoV-2 S protein.