Table 1.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) inhibiting PTEN in promoting breast cancer progression.
| miRNA | Signaling Network | Outcomes | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
|
miRNA
-106b
miRNA -93 |
PTEN/PI3K/Akt | Increasing cancer cell proliferation and metastasis PTEN downregulation Inducing PI3K/Akt signaling |
[139] |
| miRNA -182-5p | - | Silencing miRNA-182-5p impairs cancer malignancy via PTEN upregulation | [127] |
| miRNA -221/222 | PTEN/Akt | Promoting colony formation capacity Inducing Akt signaling via PTEN inhibition |
[121] |
| miRNA -19a/b | PTEN/Akt/p21 | Inhibiting cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase Binding to 3′-UTR of PTEN in reducing its expression P21 inhibition Upregulating PCNA and cyclin D1 |
[131] |
|
miRNA
-9
miRNA -155 |
- | Involvement of these exosomal miRNAs in metastasis of breast cancer cells via PTEN downregulation | [112] |
| miRNA -10b | PTEN/Akt | Maintaining self-renewal capacity of breast cancer cells Akt hyperactivation via PTEN downregulation |
[126] |
| miRNA -221/222 | PTEN/Akt/NF-kB/COX-2 | Enhancing stem cell-like features of breast cancer cells Increasing colony formation capacity Promoting stemness via ALDH1 upregulation PTEN inhibition Activating Akt/NF-kB/COX-2 axis |
[140] |
| miRNA -181c | - | Increasing cancer growth by binding to 3′-UTR of PTEN | [109] |
| miRNA -425-5p | - | Association with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients Dually promoting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis PTEN inhibition |
[115] |
| miRNA -30a | PTEN/Akt | Downregulating PTEN expression Providing condition for Akt phosphorylation Promoting cancer cell survival and growth |
[122] |
| miRNA -21 | PTEN/Akt/ERK1/2 | Silencing miRNA-21 disrupts cancer metastasis (EMT) via PTEN upregulation and subsequent inhibition of Akt/ERK1/2 | [141] |
| miRNA -19a-3p | - | miRNA downregulation by cold atmospheric plasma leads to breast cancer suppression via PTEN upregulation | [142] |