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. 2021 Feb 17;18(4):1931. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041931

Table 4.

Factors associated with quitting during the COVID-19 restrictions.

Variable Quit during COVID-19
Restrictions n (%)
Crude Adjusted *
Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
p-Value Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
p-Value
Education level
12 years or less 26 (7.5%) Ref ^ Ref
Bachelor’s degree or higher 20 (15.2%) 2.19 (1.1, 4.0) 0.013 1.97 (1.0, 3.8) 0.048
Another smoker living at home
Yes 13 (6%) Ref Ref
No 33 (12.7%) 2.28 (1.1, 4.4) 0.016 2.18 (1.0, 4.4) 0.032
Underlying chronic illness
No 29 (7.8%) Ref Ref
Yes 17 (15.5%) 2.15 (1.1, 4.0) 0.019 2.32 (1.1, 4.6) 0.017
Perception of smokers’ risk for severe Sars-CoV-2 infection
Same or lower risk 4 (3.9%) Ref Ref
Higher risk 42 (11.1%) 3.1 (1.0. 8.8) 0.035 2.78 (0.9, 8.0) 0.06

* adjusted for all other variables, including age and sex; ^ ref- reference group.