Table 1.
Nematicidal Compounds | Species of Bacteria | Target Phytoparasitic Nematodes | References |
---|---|---|---|
Direct influence on nematode | |||
Hyperparasitism | |||
Pasteuria pentrans |
Aphelenchoides besseyi, Globodera rostochiensis, Meloidogyne incognita, M.arenaria, M. hapla, M. graminicola, Pratylenchus penetrans, Radopholus
similis |
[68,70,71] | |
Antibiosis | |||
Lytic enzymes | |||
Proteases | Brevibacillus laterosporus |
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,
Heterodera glycines |
[70,72] |
Bacillus megaterium | M. graminicola (juveniles) | [73] | |
Chitinases | Serratia marcescens | M. hapla (eggs and juveniles) | [74] |
B. subtilis, B. pumilus | Meloidogyne spp. | [73] | |
Collagenases | B. cereus | M. javanica (juveniles) | [74] |
Lipases |
Bacillus thuringiensis FB833T, B. amyloliquefaciens FR203A, B. thuringiensis FS213P |
Xiphinema index | [74] |
Complex chitosanase, alkaline serine protease | B. cereus | M. incognita, (juveniles) | [72] |
Glucanases, cellulases, pectinases | Pseudomonas | M. incognita | [74] |
Antibiotics | |||
2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) | Fluorescent pseudomonads |
M. javanica,
M. graminicola |
[75,76,77] |
Globodera rostochiensis (eggs and juveniles) |
[78] | ||
Cyclic lipopeptides: surfactin, fengycin, iturins, acteriocins, polyketides, bacteriocins. |
B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, B. subtilis |
M incognita | [18,70,73,79] |
Toxins | |||
Hydrogen cyanide | Pseudomonads | Burrowing nematodes; cyst nematodes; dagger nematodes root-knot nematodes (juveniles); |
[74,80] |
Cry6Aa2 protoxin | B. thuringiensis | M. hapla (egg hatch, juvenile motility) | [29] |
Cry5B | B. thuringiensis | Meloidogyne spp. | [81] |
Cry1Ea11 | B. thuringiensis | Bursaphelenchus xylophilus | [82] |
Toxin A and toxin B, antibiotics |
Photorhabdus luminescens,
Xenorhabdus budapestensis, X. szentirmaii |
Aphelenchoides besseyi,
M. incognita, Nacobbus aberrans |
[49,83,84] |
VOC | |||
alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, ketones, terpenoids, and sulfur families | Bacillus spp. | M. graminicola (juveniles) | [85] |
Arthrobacter nicotianae | M. incognita (juveniles) | [23] | |
B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 | M.incognita | [79] |