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. 2021 Feb 18;10(2):389. doi: 10.3390/plants10020389

Table 1.

Bacteria and their modes of action against phytoparasitic nematodes.

Nematicidal Compounds Species of Bacteria Target Phytoparasitic Nematodes References
Direct influence on nematode
Hyperparasitism
Pasteuria pentrans Aphelenchoides besseyi, Globodera rostochiensis, Meloidogyne incognita, M.arenaria, M. hapla, M. graminicola, Pratylenchus penetrans, Radopholus
similis
[68,70,71]
Antibiosis
Lytic enzymes
Proteases Brevibacillus laterosporus Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,
Heterodera
glycines
[70,72]
Bacillus megaterium M. graminicola (juveniles) [73]
Chitinases Serratia marcescens M. hapla (eggs and juveniles) [74]
B. subtilis, B. pumilus Meloidogyne spp. [73]
Collagenases B. cereus M. javanica (juveniles) [74]
Lipases Bacillus thuringiensis FB833T,
B. amyloliquefaciens
FR203A,
B. thuringiensis FS213P
Xiphinema index [74]
Complex chitosanase, alkaline serine protease B. cereus M. incognita, (juveniles) [72]
Glucanases, cellulases, pectinases Pseudomonas M. incognita [74]
Antibiotics
2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) Fluorescent pseudomonads M. javanica,
M. graminicola
[75,76,77]
Globodera rostochiensis
(eggs and juveniles)
[78]
Cyclic lipopeptides: surfactin, fengycin, iturins, acteriocins,
polyketides, bacteriocins.
B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42,
B. subtilis
M incognita [18,70,73,79]
Toxins
Hydrogen cyanide Pseudomonads Burrowing nematodes;
cyst nematodes; dagger nematodes
root-knot nematodes (juveniles);
[74,80]
Cry6Aa2 protoxin B. thuringiensis M. hapla (egg hatch, juvenile motility) [29]
Cry5B B. thuringiensis Meloidogyne spp. [81]
Cry1Ea11 B. thuringiensis Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [82]
Toxin A and toxin B,
antibiotics
Photorhabdus luminescens,
Xenorhabdus budapestensis,
X. szentirmaii
Aphelenchoides besseyi,
M. incognita,
Nacobbus aberrans
[49,83,84]
VOC
alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, ketones, terpenoids, and sulfur families Bacillus spp. M. graminicola (juveniles) [85]
Arthrobacter nicotianae M. incognita (juveniles) [23]
B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 M.incognita [79]