Table 2.

List of commercially formulated bacterial biocontrol agents against plant parasitic nematodes.

Bacteria	Name/Producer	Target	Observations/Findings	Reference
Pasteuria pentrans	Econem—Syngenta	Belonolaimus longicaudatus	Ineffective	[98]
P. penetrans	Econem—Pasteuria Bioscience, USA	Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria	Effect depends on plant culture and growing conditions.	[99]
P. penetrans	Econem—Nematech, Japan.	M. incognita	Biological efficiency 89%. Increase in marketable yield of sweet potato. The results are similar to Dichloropren.	[100]
P. nishizawae Pn1	Clariva PN—Syngenta, Brazil	Heterodera glycines	Ineffective	[62]
Pasteuria sp. Ph3	Naviva ST—Syngenta	Rotylenchulus reniformis	Inhibition of nematodes in cotton, soybean, vegetables.	[80]
P. usage Bl1 + Pasteuria sp. Ph3	NewPro—Syngenta	B. longicaudatus	Inhibition of lance and sting nematodes in turf.	[80]
B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42	RhizoVital—AbiTep GmbH, Berlin, Germany	M. incognita	Reduction in J2, enhanced of root weight	[18]
Burkholderia cepacia	Deny—Stine Microbial Products, Madison, WI	M. incognita	Suppression of root-knot nematode population on bell pepper. Biological efficiency 60%	[101,102]
Bacillus subtilis	Stanes Sting—Imported from T. Stanes and Company Limited, India, by Gaara company, Egypt	M. arenaria	Reduction of J2 both in soil and roots as well as root galling, egg masses, biological efficiency 50%. Enhanced potato yield.	[103]
B. firmus I-1582	Poncho—Votivo Crop Science, Raleigh, NC	Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera glycines	Biological efficiency against Meloidogyne luci over 50%. Triggering ISR. Degradation of Meloidogyne eggs, colonization of plant roots.	[43,62,89]
B. firmus I-1582	Poncho—Votivo Crop Science, Raleigh, NC	R reniformis	Nematode control and yield similar to Avicta (Abamectin)	[63,64]
B. firmus GB-126	VOTiVO—Bayer, Germany	R reniformis	Reduction in number of females, eggs, and juvenile life stages. Cotton yield similar to aldicarb.	[104]
B. firmus	BioNem-WP—BioSafe—AgroGreen, Israel	M. incognita	Field efficiency 75–84%. Enhanced shoot height (29–31%) and tomato weight (20–24%)	[56,105]
B. firmus	BioNemaGon—Agri-Life, India	Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Helicotylenchus spp.	Reduction in nematode population and root infestation by nematodes in vegetables and herbs	[80]
B. megaterium	Bio-Arc	Meloidogyne spp.,	Reduction in J2, egg masses, eggs and reproduction factor. Enhanced shoot weight.	[106,107]
B. megaterium	Bio-Arc	Tylenchulus semipenetrans	Biological efficiency 88%,89% on baladi orange and lime	[108]
B. methylotrophicus	Onix—Laboratorio de Bio Controle Farroupilha S.A., Brazil	M. javanica	Ineffective on tomato plants	[109]
Pseudomonas fluorescens	Sheathgua (Sudozone)— Agriland Biotech, India	Meloidogyne spp., Cyst nematodes	-	[70]
Serratia marcescens	Nemaless—Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt	M. incognita	Reduction in J2, egg masses, egg numbers and reproduction factor. Improvement of tomato growth criteria: fresh weight of shoots and roots, length of both systems.	[106]
B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a, B. subtilis GB03	BioYield—Gustafson LLC, USA	M. incognita	Significant reduction in nematode eggs, juveniles and galls on tomato. Enhanced root weight.	[18,110]
B. licheniformis, B. subtilis	Nemix C	Meloidogyne spp.	-	[33]
B. licheniformis FMCH001, B. subtilis FMCH002	Presense—FMC Química do Brasil Ltd.a., Brazil	Plant parasitic nematodes	-	[70]
B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. coagulans, P. fluorescens, Streptomyces spp.,	Pathway Consortia—Pathway Holdings, USA	Plant parasitic nematodes	-	[111]
B. chitinosporus, B. laterosporus, B. licheniformis	BioStart— Bio-Cat, USA	Meloidogyne spp.	Inconsistent effect	[112,113]
Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Azotobacter spp., B. circulans, B. thuringiensis	Micronema—Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt	M. incognita	Significant reduction in J2, galls and egg masses (97%, 80% and 88%). Enhanced growth parameters: length of shoots, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots.	[44]
47 strains of bacilli	Equity—Naturize Biosciences LLC, Jacksonville, FL, USA	M. incognita	Significant reduction in nematode eggs, juveniles and galls on tomato. Enhanced root weight.	[18]
Rhizobacteria and microbial metabolites produced during anaerobic fermentation of a microbial community	Ag-Blend—Advanced Microbial Solutions LLC, Pilot Point, TX, USA	M. incognita	Reduction of gall numbers, enhanced root weight.	[18]